THE FOKEST RESOURCES OF THE WORLD. 29 



about 11 cubic feet per acre, and, not counting the bamboo, only about 

 8 cubic feet per acre. Therefore, to get a better idea of the cut per 

 acre, the total cut should be divided by the area of reserve forests 

 (58,602,800 acres), which would make about 3 cubic feet per acre, not 

 counting bamboo. 



There are no figures for the growth per acre. From a study made 

 on sal, the growth per acre of sal coppice was estimated to be nearly 

 30 cubic feet per acre per year. Therefore it is safe to assume that 

 the annual growth in the Indian forests is at present larger than the 

 annual cut. 



CONSUMPTION. 



The timber exports consist chiefly of teak wood, of which 52,768 

 tons, or 2,638,400 cubic feet, were exported in the year 1905-6. The 

 exports of all other kinds of wood, principally of bamboo, are insig- 

 nificant. If this amount be deducted from the total cut and there 

 were no importations, there would be available 236,611,600 cubic feet 

 for a population of nearly 300,000,000 inhabitants, or 0.8 cubic foot 

 per capita. There are, however, some imports of timber from Canada, 

 Sweden, and Austria, which, on an average for the five years between 

 1895 and 1900, formed one-eighth the value of the total exports. Of 

 course these imports slightly raise the per capita consumption. Still 

 the consumption and cut are very small, and the fact that saw-log 

 timber is needed from other countries indicates the lack of structural 

 timber. 



WOOD PRICES. 



The chief timber of export is teak, and its price at the point of ship- 

 ment varies from about 80 to about 85 cents per cubic foot. 



ROUMANIA. 



FOREST AREA. 



The forests of Roumania comprise 6,367,000 acres, of which the 

 State owns 40 per cent, the Crown and communities 8 per cent, and 

 private individuals 52 per cent. The proportion of forest to land is 

 18 per cent and the area per capita is a trifle over 1 acre (1.08). Of 

 the land classed as state forests (2,711,250 acres), 1,497,500 acres are 

 utilized, 806,250 acres are not utilized, and 407,500 acres are burned. 



COMPOSITION. 



Thirteen and one-half per cent of the total forest area is occupied 

 by spruce and fir; 20 per cent by beech (also mixed with conifers); 

 28.3 per cent by beech, oak, and elm in mixture; 31 per cent by pure 

 oak forests; and 7.2 per cent by other hardwood species. The coni- 

 fers occur chiefly in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains, where their 

 exploitation is very difficult. Only part of the state forests are now 

 being utilized. The insignificant exploitation is due to lack of 

 capital and enterprise. The Government, in order to strengthen the 

 lumber industry, miposed a duty on timber, which increased its price, 

 reduced its importation, and stimulated export. In the future 

 Roumania will undoubtedly play an important part in supplying 

 other countries with timber. 



