THE FOREST RESOURCES OF THE WORLD. 55 



Of the total area of state forests, 42,197 acres, or 29.3 per cent, are 

 hardwood forests (chiefly beech); 49,917 acres, or 34.8 per cent, are 

 coniferous forests; 41,822 acres are on barren land; and 9,767 acres, 

 or 6.8 per cent, are not on true forest soil. The area of productive 

 state forests is therefore only 92,114 acres. The large proportion of 

 unproductive land in the state forests is due to the vast areas of 

 heathland found on Jutland and the island of Bornholm. It is inter- 

 esting that the coniferous forests of Denmark are all planted, the 

 first conifers having been introduced at the end of the eighteenth 

 century. Among these was also the silver fir {Ahies pedinata), which 

 is now growing on the island of Bornholm. 



ANNUAL CUT, GROWTH, AND CONSUMPTION. 



Unfortunately, there are no figures regarding the cut and growth 

 or any data concerning wood consumption. Denmark fully appre- 

 ciates the value of forests and treats most carefully those few wliich 

 she possesses, and tries to increase the area as far as possible by 

 planting the waste lands. Unfortunately, the area of forests is very 

 small and the production far too little for a population of 2,300,000 

 inhabitants. The total productive forest area is probably not over 

 575,000 acres. Assuming that the forests of Denmark are producing 

 annually as much as the forests of Holland — that is, 45 cubic feet 

 per acre — the annual production of wood in Denmark would be 

 25,875,000 cubic feet. In addition to this, Denmark imports about 

 22,951,500 cubic feet of structural timber, or a total of 48,826,500 

 cubic feet. With a population of 2,465,000 the wood consumption 

 is 19.8 cubic feet per capita. 



BULGARIA. 



rOREST AREA. 



The agricultural statistics for 1897 credit Bulgaria with 7,169,675 

 acres of forests, while the forest statistics give 7,602,815 acres, or 30 

 per cent of the total land area. Of this, 3,505,548 acres lie within 

 1,200 feet of sea level, 2,483,942 acres He between 1,200 and 3,000 

 feet in elevation, and 1,613,325 acres at an altitude above 3,000 feet. 

 Only 375,000 acres of the state forests are accurately measured. 



The Balkan Mountains are the most heavily wooded, especially the 

 eastern half. Northern Bulgaria, especially the Danube region, is 

 most sparsely wooded. In Dobrucha, along the Black Sea, dried 

 manure is used for fuel. The forest area per capita amounts to 2.4 

 acres, varying from 0.2 to 10.4 acres per capita in the. different prov- 

 inces. The State owns 29.6 per cent, communes 51.4 per cent, and 

 private individuals 19 per cent of the total forest area. Until 1869 

 the cutting of timber and grazing in the state forests were entirely 

 free ; since that year they have been brought under regulation, though 

 not without a great deal of friction between the Government and 

 communities. 



