66 THE FOREST RESOURCES OF THE WORLD. 



COMPOSITION. 



Hard woods — oak, beech, and, in the south, walnut — predominate. 

 Conifers grow only in the mountains. 



Bulgaria may be truly called a rural country, since five-sevenths of 

 the total population hve in villages and are engaged in agriculture. 

 There is no rational forest management, and practically nothing is 

 known of the condition of the forests. 



SERVIA. 



Data regarding Servian forests are extremely conflicting. Thus 

 Melard " gives the extent of the forests of Servia at 5,225,000 acres, 

 or 42 per cent of the total land area. Kolm ^ gives the forest area 

 as 4,500,000 acres, Keltie^ as 1,202,500 acres, and Endres as 3,864,774 

 acres, or 32 per cent of the land area. Since the figures given by 

 Max Endres,'^ of the University of Munich, are more recent, his esti- 

 mate is undoubtedly the most reliable. The forest area per capita 

 may be taken, then, as 1.55 acres. According to ownersliip the for- 

 ests are divided as follows: State forests, 1,417,230 acres, or 36.6 per 

 cent of the land area; communal forests, 1,645,650 acres, or 42.6 per 

 cent; church and monastery forests, 42,707 acres, or 1.1 per cent; 

 and private forests, 759,187 acres, or 19.7 per cent, making a total of 

 3,864,774 acres, according to Endres. 



The boundaries of the different forest owners are, however, very 

 uncertain and still disputed. The eastern part of Servia is very 

 little wooded. Hardwoods (beech and oak) occur chiefly in the east 

 and north, while conifers (fir, spruce, pines) are found in the west and 

 south. On the whole, the broadleaf forests predominate. Every citi- 

 zen has the right to cut timber for his own needs in the state forests; 

 it must, however, be paid for if cut for sale. Under such a system 

 of cutting there can hardly be any regular forest management. From 

 the fact that in 1903 Servia had an excess of imports over exports 

 amounting to 5,846,000 cubic feet it must be inferred either that the 

 forests are not yet opened up or that they are already ruined by 

 abuse, because with a forest area of 1.55 acres per capita and unde- 

 veloped industries, the forests should be fully able to supply the needs 

 of home consumption. 



No figures are available regarding the cut, yield, or consumption 

 of wood. . 



GREECE. 



FOREST AREA. 



The forests of Greece occupy 2,023,380 acres, which is less than 13 

 per cent of the total land area. The forest area per inhabitant is 

 0.83 acre. Greece was once tliickly wooded, and in ancient times 

 had, for that period, a large merchant marine and navy. All the 

 ships were built of wood from the neighboring mountains. Because 

 of her large merchant marine, supphed from her forests, and the great 

 number of warships built from the timber grown in her own forests, 



a Insuffisance de la production des bois d'oeuvje. 



& Serbien; W. Kolm (Semlin, 1894). 



cThe Statesman's Yearbook; Scott Keltie (London, 1901). 



t^Handbuch der Forstpolitik; Endres (Berlin, 1905). 



