16 EUCALYPTS CULTIVATED IN THE UNITED STATES. 
recognize it, so changed is the aspect of its vegetation. No more there of those 
characteristic, stunted, grayish bushes. They have been replaced on at least one- 
fourth of the surface of the land by cooling and fragrant forests of huge Eucalypts, 
‘which tower high above the thousand-year-old Olive and. Mastic trees. Australia is 
invading the ancient Provence; the antipodean forest is gradually taking the place of 
the indigenous species of the Old World. ; 
Felix Sathut states in his Les Eucalyptus, published in 1888, that— 
The Eucalyptus * * * is certainly of all the exotic trees thus transplanted the 
one which excites the most astonishment by the rapidity of its growth, its gigantic 
proportions, and the very great diversity of its appearance and foliage. It is already 
so abundant that it is encountered. at every step in the public places, in all the 
gardens, and it is already being used as a forest sort. 
In France, Eucalyptus culture is still confined almost exclusively to 
the Mediterranean coast region, no species having been generally 
introduced that will withstand the frosts that occur at most points to 
the north of this favored maritime district. From that country cul- 
ture has extended into most of the region about the Mediterranean, 
including its islands. On the island of Corsica these trees have been 
grown with special appreciation of their value, several publications ° 
having been written concerning their culture there. 
In Italy, Eucaly pts were grown previous to 1870 simply as botanical 
or A eee specimens. During that year they were first set in 
large numbers for the sanitary improvement of a locality. The most 
extensive planting made that year was by the Trappist monks at 
Tres Fontane in the Campagna Romana, where malaria was very 
prevalent. Charles Belmont Davis, American consul at Florence in 
1894, writes, in Consular Reports No. 168, that— 
A few monks used to go to this place from Rome every morning after the sun had 
cleared away the fog, plant as many of the Eucalyptus globulus as they could during 
the day, and return to the city in the evening. * * * Over 55,000 Eucalyptus 
trees are planted at this place to-day. * * * At present Italy has at least 100,000 
Eucalyptus under successful cultivation, 30,000 of which are due to the railway com- 
panies and 70,000 to private enterprise. 
According to a report made by Herbert W. Bowen, American 
consul at’ Barcelona, in 1894, Eucalypts were introduced into Spain 
in 1865, where Eucalyptus globulus became known as the *‘ fever 
tree,” ‘* because it is believed to purify boggy and aqueous regions 
that engender fevers.” Mr. Bowen writes: 
The French are the most active and intelligent (if we leave our own Californians 
out of the question) in propagating the tree. Hardly less sanguine than the French 
are * * * the Spaniards, who hope by cultivating the Eucalyptus to eliminate 
from the atmosphere the noxious exhalations of their soil, and to secure an ample 
supply of woodland and wood. 
In Portugal and in Greece Eucalypts are grown successfully, but 
have not yet been planted on so extensive a scale as in other parts of 
southern Europe. 
