34 EUCALYPTS CULTIVATED IN THE UNITED STATES. 
of Eucalypti there was a much heavier crop and taller straw. Near the ocean, where 
the trees protected the grain from sharp sea wind, there was certainly more than 
twice as much grain and twice as much straw. The unprotected grain had over one- 
third to one-half the heads blasted—no grains in the injured parts. The straw hada 
rusty appearance. From facts actually established I have made the statement that 
three-fourths of an area will produce more grain or fruit with the other fourth in 
forest trees than four-fourths without the forest trees; hence the great economy in 
tree planting. 
The last statement would not apply to all regions, but of those 
swept by heavy winds it is undoubtedly true. There are large areas 
in Ventura County, Cal.. that would not be tillable but for the Eucalypts. 
Part of the land is so sandy that formerly it was blown about by the 
wind, and not only the crops growing in it, but those of adjoining fields | 
were seriously damaged. The planting of Kucalypt wind-breaks has 
so moderated the wind velocity that now little damage is ever done 
by it. 
Many fruit growers in southern California believe that wind-breaks 
of Kucalypt trees protect their orange and lemon orchards from frosts. 
The question was a subject of discussion at a large horticultural meet- 
ing held in that section April 29, 1901. In the Los Angeles Times’s 
report of the meeting is the following: 
Four hundred people, representing ten farmers’ clubs, met Monday at the ranch 
of George Turner, near Cucamonga, to study the system of wind-breaks established 
there as a protection against frosts. The visitors were seated among the Eucalyptus 
trees which they had come to study. ‘‘Frosts in relation to wind-breaks’’ was the 
subject of a paper by John Hoffman, of Cucamonga. In stating the results of his 
investigations he said ‘‘ the temperature is usually higher on the north side of a wind- 
break than on the south side,’’ and that, since his orchard had grown large, ‘‘ the 
ground had frozen but once, and that was at a distance from the wind-break.”’ 
AS SHADE TREES. 
While many of the Eucalypts are not especially desirable shade trees, 
the fact that they will grow well in many situations where other trees 
make poor growth, or will scarcely grow at all, gives them consider- 
able value for this purpose. They are especially suitable for country 
roads, for the vicinity of barns and other farm buildings, and for shade 
in pastures. As road shade trees, many species have proved very use- 
ful in the Southwest and have been much used for this purpose. (PI. 
II, 4, B.) Mr. Cooper, in the letter already mentioned, writes upon 
this point as follows: 
The public highway through my ranch, seven-eighths of a mile in length, has a 
double row of trees on either side. There is less mud in winter and less dust in sum- 
mer than on the road at either approach. 
The writer observed the latter fact while there during August. In 
regions where there 1s less sunshine and more rainfall than there is at 
Santa Barbara it might be well to plant the trees farther apart on the 
sunnier side of the road to permit the road to dry after rains. In many 
