USES OF EUCALYPTS. 30 
cases the trees can be so set along the road as to serve both as a wind- 
break against the most disagreeable winds of the region and as shade 
trees during summer. (PI. III.) In all cases the fact that these trees 
are evergreen, and consequently shade-producing both winter and suni- 
mer, must be taken into consideration. In regions where heavy win- 
ter rains occur it would not be wise to plant Eucalypts so thickly as to 
keep the road from drying. 
In many parts of the Southwest the EKucalypts are utilized to advan- 
tage to furnish shade in pastures. If set along the fences and along 
irrigating ditches they can be made to protect the animals in the pas- 
ture without at any time interfering with farming operations. In the 
place of the Cottonwood and other deciduous trees, some Kucalypts 
would be an improvement, both in appearance and in usefulness. 
Even during the winter, when deciduous trees are leafless, there are 
many days when animals in the pasture need shelter from the sun, 
and many more when protection against wind and rain is needed. 
The Eucalypts would furnish this protection to animals. In addition 
they would be a source of better fuel and timber than most deciduous 
trees, and would add much to the appearance of the winter landscape. 
AS A SOURCE OF TIMBER. 
For Australia and the neighboring islands the Eucalypts are one of 
the important sources of the general timber supply, and are the chief 
source of the hard-wood timber used there. The uses made of Euca- 
lyptus timber are remarkably diverse. It enters into the construction 
of buildings, ships, bridges, railroads, piers, telegraph lines, fences, 
paving, vehicles, agricultural implements, furniture, barrels, and -a 
great variety of minor articles. In his Notes on the Commercial 
Timbers of New South Wales Mr. Maiden names twenty-five ‘‘ special 
purposes” for which the timber of Eucalypts is used in that colony. 
Six species are named as valuable for bridge timbers, five as valuable 
for piles, nine for paving, eight for posts, three for railroad ties, four 
for railway coaches, five for lumber and shingles, seven for the vari- 
ous parts of vehicles, two for barrels and casks, and two for broom 
and tool handles. Eleven ‘‘special purposes” are assigned to the tim- 
ber of the Spotted Gum (/ucalyptus maculata), ten to the timber of 
_ the Ironbark (4. scderoxylon), eight to that of Red Mahogany (£. res- 
mifera) and Tallow Wood (£. microcorys), six to that of Gray Gum 
(EL. propinqua), five to that of Red Gum (£. rostrata), and a lesser 
number to that of seven other species. Not only in Australia is the 
timber of Eucalypts used thus extensively, but it is exported in 
large quantities, the bulk of the hard-wood lumber shipped being from 
these trees. R. Dalyrimple-Hay, in his work entitled The Timber 
Trade of New South Wales, names thirteen species that furnish tim- 
ber for export. He gives the annual output of lumber from the 108 
