36 EUCALYPTS CULTIVATED IN THE UNITED STATES. 
mills of the colony as 59,500,000 superficial feet, a large part of which 
is from Eucalypt trees. Shipments are made to distant parts of the 
elobe, including Africa and even England. 
The timber of different species of Eucalypts differs very much in 
character. While that of all species is hard wood, the degree of hard- 
ness, the strength, durability, flexibility, color, and many other quali- 
ties are quite different. Great differences exist also in the timber of 
the same species grown in different soils and climates. To these varia- 
tions is due, largely, the great variety of uses that the timber of these 
trees serves. 
In America the Eucalypts have not yet been grown long enough 
nor extensively enough to have become a source of lumber. The 
principal uses made of the timber thus far are for fuel, piles, posts, 
and some of the parts of farming implements, and for pins for insu- 
lators on long-distance transmission cables. The species used most 
for piles in southern Australia does not thrive in the Southwest, but the 
Blue Gum has been found to bea very durable substitute. (PI. IV, a.) 
The life of Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and of Oregon Pine ( Pseudo- 
tsuga taxifolia) piles is from four to seven years on the Pacific coast. 
Blue Gum piles last twice as long. The piers at Santa Barbara and at 
neighboring sea towns are maintained .with piles of this Eucalypt. 
Mr. Cooper informs the writer that he has sold from his groves nearly 
$10,000 worth of piles during the past ten years. At Oceanside the 
superior value of Eucalypt piles is reported to have been demonstrated 
through the surreptitious acts of a contractor. Lacking a few piles 
of the timber specified in the contract (Oregon Pine), he is said to have 
obtained some Blue Gum timbers from the vicinity and to have ordered 
the night crew to place them on the inside, where their presence would 
not be detected. When it became necessary to repair the pier a few 
years ago some sound piles were found among others nearly destroyed, 
and upon examination they proved to be the Blue Gum trees. The 
demand for these piles is now greater than the existing groves of 
Eucalypts can supply. It seems probable that piles may become one 
of the important crops grown by farmers of the Southwest. As the 
trees now planted become larger, and as planting becomes more exten- 
sive, the Eucalypts will undoubtedly become sources of much timber 
for a great variety of purposes. (PI. IV, B.) 
AS A SOURCE OF FUEL. 
In Australia the Eucalypts are an important source of fuel. There 
the inhabitants find the tree, ready grown for use, and it matters little 
to them how long they have taken to reach their present size. Hence 
many species are used for this purpose. In America and other coun- 
tries where the Eucalypts are grown as exotics the case is quite different. 
Only a quick-growing species will yield an early supply of fuel, and 
