USES OF EUCALYPTS. 39 
of Melbourne. Baron von Mueller states in the Kucalyptographia 
that in 1880 Bosisto was producing 6 tons of oil per year. Since then 
the demand for the oil has increased very much, and a much larger 
quantity is produced in Australia annually. During the past ten 
years considerable eucalyptus oil has been produced from the Blue 
Gum plantations in Algeria, it having been found advantageous to 
obtain the oil from solid plantations of one species rather than from 
native forests where the species grow mixed. In California consider- 
able oil has been extracted from the Blue Gum during the past five 
years. The principal producer is a physician in Los Angeles, who is 
attempting to establish a reputation for putting up a pure high-grade 
product. During the winter of 1900-1901 he extracted 9 tons of oil. 
He does not distill out any eucalyptol, as he considers the oil in the 
form he puts it out superior for most purposes. The residue from 
the distillation of the refined oil from the crude product is put up for 
a salve. From the oil he manufactures a soap and cough drops. 
Hon. Ellwood Cooper has a young Blue Gum plantation on his ranch 
near Santa Barbara, from which he intends to manufacture both euca- 
lyptus oil and eucalyptol. He will cut the trunk and limbs into fuel, 
extract oil from the twigs and leaves, and thus utilize the entire tree. 
The different species vary greatly as to the amount of oil they will 
yield, the range being from none to 500 ounces from 1,000 pounds of 
fresh leaves and twigs. According to J. Bosisto and other Australian 
authorities and S. M. Woodbridge, of Los Angeles, the Peppermint 
Tree (Hucalyptus amygdalina) yields the largest amount. But in 
America this tree is not grown extensively enough for it to be a source 
of much oil. For some years yet, and perhaps atways, the chief 
source of eucalyptus oil here will be the BlueGum. The yield of 
crude oil from the leaves and twigs.of this species ranges from 1 to 
1.6 per cent. Dr. Herron extracted, during the past season, 9 tons of 
oil from 700 tons of leaves and twigs from this species—a yield of 
1.28 per cent. H. B. Silkwood, proprietor of the California Eucalyp- 
tus Works, Garden Grove, Cal., reports that he produced 1 ton of oil 
from 100 tons of material during the past year, the output being 
limited by the available supply of Blue Gum leaves. The Red Gum 
yields much less oil than the Blue Gum—only 10 to 30 per cent as much. 
The oils from the different species of EKucalypts differ greatly. As 
extracted they are all compounds or mixtures. The chief ingredient 
of the oil from the Blue Gum is a colorless, transparent, camphora- 
ceous liquid called eucalyptol or cineol; of the Peppermint Tree 
(Hucalyptus amygdalina),-a less known liquid called phellandrene; of 
the Lemon-scented Eucalypt (/. citriodora), a fragrant, highly vola- 
tile liquid called citronellon, mixed with another fragrant liquid called 
geraniol. Several other ingredients enter into the composition of 
the oils from the various species. The best known of all the ingre- 
