PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF EUCALYPTS GROWN IN AMERICA. 638 
fornia the wood is being extensively and successfully used for insu- 
lator pins. It is also being used with success in the manufacture of 
parts of agricultural implements (harvesters, etc.) and the handles of 
plumbers’ and carpenters’ tools, for which purposes it is considered 
almost, if not quite, equal to hickory. 
Eucalyptus gomphocephala. 
TooaRT. 
Characteristics. —The tree is rather stocky and is usually symmetrical. 
At Mr. Ellwood Cooper’s ranch it has attained a height of 80 feet in 
twenty-four years. (Pl. XXIV.) The bark of the trunk is dark gray, 
rough, and persistent. From the branches the bark flakes off in strips, 
leaving the surface smooth and light-colored. The twigs are reddish 
yellow. ‘The leaves are thick and shining and somewhat leathery, the 
upper surface being darker than the lower. ‘The flowers are of large 
size. The stalk of the flower clusters is flattened, the flowers them- 
selves being stemless. The hemispheric lid of the unopened bud is 
broader than the part below, giving the buds the appearance of pegs, 
the specific name gomphocephala being the Greek for ‘* peg-head.” 
The seed cases are top-shaped, bell-shaped, or hemispherical, and are 
one-half to three-fourths of an inch broad. (See Pl. LXL.) 
Climatic requirements.—The Tooart thrives along the coast and does 
fairly well in the dry interior valleys. It has not been grown exten- 
sively enough yet to determine definitely what degrees of heat and 
cold it will endure in America. 
Uses.—The tree furnishes a heavy wood that is very Gees and 
strong—one of the strongest timbers in the world. The grain is so 
close and curled or twisted that it is not easily split. The timber is 
used principally in shipbuilding and for bridges. It is very durable 
in all kinds of weather and in a great variety of situations. 
Eucalyptus goniocalyx. 
Characteristics.—This tree commonly attains a good size, in some 
situations in Australia reaching a height of 300 feet, with a diameter 
of 6 to 10 feet. At Mr. Cooper’s ranch the trees in a grove twenty 
years old range from 8 to 18 inches in diameter. (Pl. XXV,a.) The 
bark iscommonly persistent, but in some cases flakes off; the character 
of its surface also varies. 
On the young tree, and on sprouts from the trunk, the leaves are 
opposite, heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, and broadly oval. (See PI. 
LXXXIV,B8.) The leaves of the adult trees are long and quite slen- 
der, the two sides being similarly colored. The flowers are nearly 
stemless, in small clusters borne on flattened stalks. The seed cases 
are nearly cup-shaped, and are usually more or less angled. (See Pl. 
LXIL.) 
