LIST OF FIGURES 



Figure Page 



1. Geographic regions of forest-range environ- 



ment 6 



2. The Oak-hickory ecosystem on the Mark 



Twain National Forest, Missouri 7 



3. The Desert shrub ecosystem in Utah 7 



4. Six management strategies: six means of 



achieving range resource objectives 10-11 



5. Fencing and stock water developments are 



common range practices 12 



6. Form used to record management practices ^ 14 



7. Form used to record resource responses 18 



8. Forest-range as percentage of land area 20 



9. Plains grassland is the largest ecosystem 20 



10. USDA Forest Service has jurisdiction over 



51 percent of the Ponderosa pine ecosystem 22 



11. Land productivity 24 



12. Area grazed by ecogroup and ownership 25 



13. Management strategies by ownership 26 



14. Management strategies by ecogroup 27 



15. Exploitative grazing by ecogroup 28 



16. Animal unit months by ecogroup and owner- 



ship 29 



17. Area grazed and animal unit months 31 



18. Acres required per animal unit month 32 



19. Herbage production 33 



20. Net wood growth 34 



21. Quality water, scenic beauty, and clean air 



express high quality environment 35 



22. Qualitative outputs 36 



23. Population and economic growth 41 



24. Flow chart: Forage-feed-meat processes 43 



25. Meat consumption per person 44 



26. The consumer has a preference for beef 44 



27. Feedlots provide an increasing share of beef 



production 45 



28. An abandoned and eroded cotton farm was 



converted to this high-yielding improved 



pasture 45 



29. Forest-range grazing requirements 47 



30. Indicators of timber consumption 48 



Figure Page 



31. Cattle and timber production are compatible 



under proper management 49 



32. Water requirements 51 



33. Severe gullying of this forest-range eco- 



system resulted from improper grazing 

 management 52 



34. Recreation requirements 52 



35. Mule deer find suitable habitat on high-eleva- 



tion forest-range 53 



36. Pastoral scenes enrich the landscape 54 



37. A depressed rural area .- 55 



38. People make decisions which affect use of land 



and other people in all walks of life 60 



39. Forest-range environmental analysis 63 



40. Land can have many uses, depending on its 



location, its characteristics, and man's needs 65 



41. Development of the alternatives 68 



42. Now policy goals and projected demand for 



animal unit months 73 



43. Outputs of wood, sediment, and animal unit 



months — 1970 and single strategy 75 



44. Investment costs — 1970 and selected alterna- 



tives 76 



45. Animal unit months by ecogroup — 1970 and 



Alternatives 1 and 2 77 



46. Annual grasslands would be an important 



producer of animal unit months under 

 least-cost grazing management 77 



47. Percentage area grazed by ecogroup — 1970 



and Alternatives 20 and 19 78 



48. Management strategies by ecogroup — 1970 



and Alternative 19 84 



49. Animal unit months by ecogroup — 1970 and 



Alternative 19 85 



50. Diversity in the character of ecosystems leads 



to diversity of management 87 



51. The results of low income 91 



52. Low income is associated with the Pinyon- 



juniper ecosystem 91 



53. Cost of alternatives 92 



54. Livestock ranching is an important part of 



our cultural heritage 93 



