lutionary trends. To do otherwise would require 

 the assumption that there is no motivating 

 force to shift the location of production except 

 random variation and change. 



The Forest-Range Environmental Production 

 Analytical System (FREPAS) consists of four 

 basic parts : ^^ 



1. Forest-Range Land Inventory Production 

 System. This is a series of computer programs 

 for making data conversions, edits, and reports. 

 This system accepts the input data from the 

 field forms; prepares record tables of data; per- 

 forms checks of validity of codes; compares 

 data on the records with valid test ranges; 

 prints out invalidated records; accepts change 

 cards to replace, add to, or modify records; and 

 prepares base record tapes of land inventory, 

 production, and cost compatible with the input 

 requirements of the matrix generator. 



2. Input Generator. This program accepts 

 various types of data and prepares an input 

 tape which contains a matrix to be solved by a 

 linear programming code. Since a linear pro- 

 gramming code is used for solving many types 

 of problems, the input and output are rigidly 

 defined formats; therefore, the input generator 

 must convert the input data into the required 

 formats. 



3. Mathematical Model — a classical linear 

 programming technique that minimizes the 

 costs of meeting specified output levels (subi'ect 

 to several' types of restrictions and constraints). 

 The linear programming code used is IBM's 

 MPS/360 implemented on an IBM System 360, 

 Model 65 Computer. This code is one of the 

 most efficient and solves problems having up to 

 8,191 equations and an unlimited number of 

 variables. 



4. Report Generator System — a comprehen- 

 sive set of programs which sorts and organizes 

 output into several reports, including detailed 

 and summary reports. Use of the Report Gen- 

 erator minimizes the time and effort required 

 to read and interpret the results of the mathe- 

 matical model. 



REQUIREMENTS OF FREPAS 



The analytical system, FREPAS, was de- 

 signed not only to answer resource allocation 

 questions in the efficiency sense, but also in the 

 presence of political, social or economic con- 

 straints. It was designed to answer questions 

 such as: 



1. How can the many implications of 

 changing demands, changing technolo- 

 gies, and changing policies be assessed? 



2. What is the most efficient way for meet- 



ing future demands for forest-range 



^'^ See inside front cover for reference to report that 

 describes FREPAS in detail. 



grazing under existing public policies 

 with respect to maintaining ( 1 ) a viable 

 rural economy, and (2) a quality envi- 

 ronment ? 



3. What is the existing capability of the 

 forest-range environment to produce 

 grazing and associated products? 



4. What investment will be required to 

 complete present policies? 



5. What is the least-cost program of range 



management for achieving the required 

 grazing production? 



6. What is the least-cost program of range 

 management for achieving selected levels 

 of associated products? 



7. What future patterns of production will 

 prevail with additional range resource 

 development ? 



8. Can range management improve such 

 environmental attributes as rare and 

 endangered species? 



9. What are the costs and output implica- 

 tion of managing all of the forest-range 

 environment under a single management 

 strategy ? 



10. What is the impact of increases (or de- 

 creases) in demand for outputs of the 

 forest-range environment ? 



11. Do the anticipated changes in demands 

 and technology require new management 

 policies? 



RELATING PEMANDS AND 

 POTENTIAL OUTPUTS 



To investigate the impact of management 

 and treatment options, it is necessary to ana- 

 lyze their relationship to the quantity, quality, 

 and combination of outputs within as well as 

 between various types of resources. The fol- 

 lowing discussion of definitions and general 

 specifications is fundamental to an understand- 

 ing of the analytical system (fig. 39). 



The intent of the analysis and analytical tools 

 described here was to relate the full complex of 

 resource use, outputs, and costs, to a defined 

 and logical segment of the possible demands 

 for a specific output. The essential issue is plan- 

 ning for the rational use of resources. 



In the past, range planning was conducted 

 primarily to satisfy single resource production 

 objectives with minimal consideration to associ- 

 ated resources. The single objectives could be 

 satisfied because total demands for resource 

 outputs were relatively low and the available 

 land and water base (forest-range environ- 

 ment) was relatively large. It was both pos- 

 sible and practical to allocate efforts to single 

 objectives. These direct approaches -now are 

 threatened by ever-expanding demands and a 

 shrinking of available resources, plus an in- 



62 



