Table 24-. — An optional management program 



for depressed areas as applied to a segment of 



the Pinyon-juniper ecosystem 



Table 25. — Total investment costs and costs 



per animal unit month for 1970 and 



selected alternatives 



Item 



Units 



Alter- 

 native 

 19 



De- 

 pressed 

 Area 

 pro- 

 gram 



Added 

 by 

 pro- 

 gram 



Total area 



Total grazed 



Grazed by 



strategy : 



B 



c 



(Thousand) 

 Acres 

 Acres 



Acres 

 Acres 

 Acres 



No. 



Dollars 



Manhours 



Dollars 



10,230 

 6,161 



1,406 



2,389 



2,366 



919 



8,050 

 824 



4,300 

 4.68 



10,230 

 10,230 











10,230 



1,541 



13,888 



1,389 



10,107 



6.56 





 4,069 





 



D 



7,864 



AUM's produced _ 

 Animal output 

 value 



622 

 5,838 



Employment 



Total cost 



Cost per AUM ___ 



565 



5,807 



1.88 



"■ Cost/AUM is dollars only. 



jobs could be created in this area, thereby re- 

 ducing chronic unemployment. 



Evaluation of this option is limited to the 

 costs and results in terms of grazing and re- 

 lated outputs. The analysis does not evaluate 

 the validity of this type of subsidy program 

 versus other social programs. The example de- 

 scribed indicates the capability to further 

 modify the program-selection criteria of this 

 analysis to specifically treat selected social 

 values. 



Costs, Flexibility and Cultural Heritage 



The total cost of producing animal unit 

 months under Alternative 19 was $1,043 million 

 per year, or $3.26 per AUM. This is the highest 

 cost of all the least-cost alternatives tested. 

 Under Alternatives 12, 16, and 20, costs per 

 AUM were $2.56, $2.35, and $1.66, respectively, 

 and the required production of AUM's was 

 approximately equal. Only in the Resource 

 Situation— 1970 at $4.03 per AUM, and the 

 Now Policy at $4.25 per AUM were costs high- 

 er (table 25). 



The higher cost as the analysis moved 

 through Alternatives 20, 12, 16, and 19 was 

 caused by the increased limitations placed on 

 the analysis (fig. 53). Limitations on acreages 

 by strategy precluded the selection of the low 

 cost resource units for additional grazing, in 

 order to limit the impact on the existing situ- 

 ation. As the restrictions became more rigid, 

 the cost of grazing increased. 



In Alternative 19, specified levels of national 

 outputs for wood growth, water yield, quality 

 water, and sediment production were added to 

 the analysis. These added restrictions forced 

 another increase in costs. Therefore, from the 



Item 



Total 

 cost 



Cost per 

 AUM 



AUM's 

 produced 



Resource Situation — 1970 

 Now Policy 



Million 

 dollars 



858.2 

 1,960.4 



291.0 

 916.5 

 531.7 

 583.3 

 854.2 

 785.6 

 1,042.5 



Dollars 



4.03 



4.25 



1.31 

 1.99 

 1.66 

 2.62 

 2.56 

 2.35 

 3.26 



Millions 



213.1 



461.5 



Alternatives : 

 1 



222.6 



2 



461.6 



20 



319.7 



10 



222.5 



12 



333.9 



16 



334.0 



19 



319.7 







viewpoint of grazing production nationally, the 

 cost of protecting the existing investment in 

 grazing, the cost of maintaining wood and 

 water outputs, and the cost of improving other 

 aspects of environmental quality increases the 

 average cost of an animal unit month by $1.60. 

 This increase in cost of $1.60 is the difference 

 between the average cost per AUM of $1.66 

 under Alternative 20 (the pure efficiency con- 

 cept) and the average cost of $3.26 per AUM 

 under Alternative 19 (constrained to insure the 

 quantity of the other outputs). 



Nearly 50 percent of the cost of grazing under 

 conditions of Alternative 19 results from the 

 need to meet demands for outputs other than 

 grazing from the forest-range environment. 

 It is necessary to restate that only investments 

 in systems of livestock and environmental man- 

 agement were included in this analysis. A 

 complete understanding of the costs of the 

 trade-oflfs involved could be achieved by includ- 

 ing alternative management strategies for 

 wood growth, water yield, and other outputs. 



COST OF ALTERNATIVES 



2.0 



300 400 



million animal unil months 



Figure 53. 



92 



