yellow pines, singly or in combination. Common 

 associates include oaks, hickory, sweet gum, 

 black gum, red maple, and winged elm. The 

 main grasses are bluestems, panicums, and 

 longleaf uniola. Dogwood, biburnums, haws, 

 blueberries, American beauty berry, yaupon, 

 and numerous woody vines are common in the 

 understory. 



Kuchler Communities 

 K-lOO Northeastern oak-pine forest 

 K-101 Oak-hickory-pine forest 

 K-104 Pocosin 

 K-105 Sandpine scrub 



Kare and Endangered Species 

 Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel 

 Southern bald eagle 

 Northern red cockaded woodpecker 



Area Economically Depressed 

 35 percent 



OAK-PINE 



Vegetation 

 Forests in which 50 percent or more of the 

 stand is hardwoods, usually upland oaks, but 

 in which southern pines, mainly shortleaf pine, 

 make up 25-49 percent of the stand characterize 

 this ecosystem. Common associates include 

 gum, hickory, and yellow-poplar. Productivity 

 of the understory is relatively low, ranging 

 from 50 to 500 pounds of herbage per acre 

 per year. 



Kuchler Communities 

 K-101 Oak-hickory-pine forest 

 K-102 Southern mixed forest 



Rare and Endangered Species 

 Northern red cockaded woodpecker 

 Bachman's warbler 



Area Economically Depressed 

 30 percent 



OAK-HICKORY 



Vegetation 

 Four major vegetation types characterize the 

 Oak-hickory ecosystem; they are the sweetgum- 

 oak-juniper type of the blackbelt and the Coast- 

 al Plain in Alabama and Mississippi, the oak- 

 hickory and oak-hickory-bluestem types of the 

 Ozark-Boston Mountains and Interior low pla- 

 teaus and their extensions, and the oak forest 

 of the Appalachians. The major life form is a 

 tree community varying from open to closed 

 woods with a strong to weak understory of 

 shrubs, vines, and herbaceous plants. Oak and 

 hickory must make up 50 percent of the stand, 

 singly or in combination, to make it an oak- 

 hickory ecosystem. However, if southern pines 

 make up 25-49 percent of the stand, it is then 



an oak-pine ecosystem. Sweetgum and redcedar 

 are close associates in the southern (blackbelt) 

 region of the Oak-hickory ecosystem. Maple, 

 elm, yellow poplar, and black walnut often are 

 close associates in eastern and northern parts 

 of the oak forest and oak-hickory-bluestem 

 types. The major shrub species are blueberry, 

 viburnum, dogwood, rhododendron, and sumac. 

 The major vine species are woodbine, grape, 

 poison ivy, greenbrier, and blackberry. Impor- 

 tant herbaceous plants are sedges, panicums, 

 bluestem, lespedeza, tickclovers, goldenrod, 

 pussytoes, aster, and many more which can 

 be locally abundant. 



Kiichler Communities 



K-72 Oak savanna 



K-73 Mosaic of bluestem prairie (K-66) 



K-75 Cross timbers 



K-80 Blackbelt 



K-91 Oak-hickory forest 



K-95 Appalachian oak forest 



Rare and Endangered Species 

 Southern bald eagle 

 Bachman's warbler 



Area Economically Depressed 

 30 percent 



OAK-GUM-CYPRESS 



Vegetation 

 The vegetation of this ecosystem varies con- 

 siderably but the dominants are of tree life- 

 form. It is made up of bottom-land forests in 

 which 50 percent or more of the stand is tupelo, 

 black gum, sweetgum, oaks, and bald cypress, 

 singly or in combination, except where pines 

 comprise 25-49 percent, in which case the eco- 

 system would be classified as oak-pine. Common 

 associates include willow, maple, sycamore, 

 Cottonwood, and beech. Most species are broad- 

 leaf deciduous trees. Trees of the mangrove 

 swamp are mainly black and red mangrove. 

 The vegetation of the cypress savanna is domi- 

 nated by needleleaf deciduous trees and some 

 broadleaf, evergreen, or deciduous trees and 

 shrubs. The trees and shrubs occur in groves 

 surrounded by open grassland dominated main- 

 ly by three awn species. Mangrove swamps are 

 often flooded by tide (salt) water while the 

 cypress savanna is flooded less frequently and 

 only by fresh water. 



Kiichler CoTumunities 

 K-81 Liveoak-sea oats 

 K-82 Cypress savanna 

 K-96 Mangrove 

 K-102 Southern floodplain forest 



Rare and Endangered Species 

 Florida panther 

 Southern bald eagle 



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