Dusky seaside sparrow 



Cape Sable sparrow 



Florida Everglades kite (Florida snail kite) 



Bachman's warbler 



Area Economically Depressed 

 80 percent 



ELM-ASH-COTTONWOOD 



Vegetation 

 The vegetation of this ecosystem is a tree 

 life form of low to tall broadleaf deciduous 

 trees, open to dense often with vines. Cotton- 

 wood species usually dominate and often in 

 pure stands. Cottonwood is the most common 

 along the streams and swamp cottonwood more 

 common other places. Common associates in the 

 northern region are willow species and green 

 and white ash while sycamore and sugarberry 

 are common associates in the southern region. 

 According to Forest Survey definition, a forest 

 becomes this type when 50 percent or more of 

 the stand is elm, ash, or cottonwood, singly or 

 in combinations. Common associates can be 

 willow, sycamore, beech, and maple. The cotton- 

 wood-willow stage is short lived and the stage 

 passes to the river birch, silver maple- American 

 elm tj^Des in the north and to the sycamore- 

 pecan-American elm or sugarberry-American 

 elm-green ash types in the southern part of 

 this ecosystem. 



Kiichler Communities 

 K-89 Northern floodplain forest 

 K-92 Elm-ash forest 



Area Economically Depressed 

 10 percent 



MAPLE-BEECH-BIRCH 



Vegetation 



A forest is classified (according to Forest 

 Survey definitions) as this ecosystem when 50 

 percent or more of the stand is maple, beech, 

 or yellow birch, singly or in combination. 

 Common associates include hemlock, elm, bass- 

 wood, and white pine. 



Kiichler Communities 



K-90 Maple-basswood forest 



K-93 Beech-maple forest 



K-94 Mixed mesophytic forest 



K-97 Northern hardwoods 



K-98 Northern hardwoods-fir forest 



K-99 Northern hardwoods-spruce forest 



Rare and Endangered Species 

 Eastern timber wolf 



Area Economically Depressed 

 25 percent 



ASPEN-BIRCH 



Vegetation 



This ecosystem is commercially defined as 

 forest in which 50 percent or more of the stand 

 is aspen, balsam poplar, paper birch, or gray 

 birch, singly or in combination. Common asso- 

 ciates include maple and balsam fir. Geograph- 

 ically this ecosystem occurs mostly in the area 

 of the Great Lakes from western Minnesota to 

 Lake Erie in the United States. Aspen, how- 

 ever, extends from the Arctic Circle in Alaska 

 southeastward to the northeastern United 

 States. Major aspen species in the Great Lakes 

 area are bigtooth aspen and quaking aspen. 

 Paper birch is a common associate in the eco- 

 system. Balsam poplar is important only along 

 streams and swamp margins. 



Kiichler Com-munities 

 K-97 Northern hardwoods (serai stages) 

 K-98 Northern hardwoods-fir forest (serai 



stages) 

 K-99 Northern hardwoods-spruce forest 

 (serai stages) 



Rare and Endangered Species 

 Eastern timber wolf 



Area Economically Depressed 

 65 percent 



WET GRASSLANDS 



Vegetation 



The coastal prairies (marshes) are occupied 

 by cordgrasses — smooth cordgrass and salt- 

 meadow cordgrass (with the latter more preva- 

 lent on the Atlantic Coast — saltgrass, and a 

 few forbs. The vegetation forms a medium tall 

 to very tall grassland, usually dense. The pal- 

 metto prairie and Everglades are dense, medium 

 tall to tall grasslands with scattered palms and 

 shrubs in the palmetto prairie and with scat- 

 tered low to medium tall broadleaf evergreen 

 trees and shrubs in the Everglades. The major 

 species in the palmetto prairie are pineland 

 three a"\\Ti and saw-palmetto. The major species 

 of the Everglades grassland are sawgrass and 

 wiregrasses. The vegetation of the tule marshes 

 is a tall graminoid vegetation consisting of 

 various species of tules and bulrushes, cattail, 

 and soft flag. Several species of sedges occur 

 less commonly. 



Kiichler Communities 

 K-42 Tule marches 

 K-65 Northern cordgrass prairie 

 K-70 Southern cordgrass prairie 

 K-71 Palmetto prairie 

 K-83 Everglades 



104 



