program cost; Federal returns 
were greater than State 
returns. 
Royer and Kaiser (1975) 
reported a southwide study 
of the influence of 
professional foresters on 
pine regeneration. (The study 
was based on a sample 
taken by the Statistical 
Reporting Service in the 
Census of Agriculture.) They 
selected 759 landowners 
who had harvested at least 4 
acres of pine between 1971 
and 1981. The data were 
obtained by interviews in all 
12 States. It was found that 
the owners made 
regeneration investments on 
63 percent of the acres 
harvested when a 
professional forester had 
been consulted. Only 12 
percent of the acres had a 
regeneration investment if no 
forester was involved. The 
study noted that professional 
foresters were consulted 
about only 37 percent of the 
pine stands harvested. This 
points to an obvious need to 
expand professional 
landowner assistance from 
all possible sources if the 
long-range supply of 
southern pines is to be 
enhanced. 
In another study, Royer (1985 
unpubl.) looked at the effects 
of markets and public policies 
on reforestation decisions by 
landowners. His study is 
based upon the 251 cases 
from the above study where 
the landowner used a final 
harvesting method. The 
analysis, a hierarchical 
analysis using logistical 
regression, examined four 
sets of variables: 
characteristics of the forested 
parcel, personal (owner) 
characteristics, market 
(economic) variables, and 
public policy (institutional) 
variables. Royer examined 
the relationship of these 
variables to find whether or 
not the owner had actively 
managed his or her harvested 
site for pine by planting or 
seeding following harvest or 
by using a seed-tree cut as 
the method of harvest. Royer 
found that only 16 percent of 
the variation in behavior 
could be explained by 
ownership and personal 
characteristics; another 13 
percent could be explained 
by market forces; but 60 
percent could be explained 
by policy influences, 
particularly cost-share funds 
and technical assistance. 
The remaining 11 percent 
was unexplained in the 
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