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Demand for Meat 1 73 



Relative Price of Feed Elements 174 



World Agricultural Trade 174 



Livestock-Grazed Roughage 



Relationships 175 



The Projected Demand for Range Grazing ... 175 



Projected Demand for Meat 176 



Projected Demand for Livestock Feeds .... 177 

 Projected Regional Demands 



for All Grazing 180 



Local Demand and Federal Lands 181 



Potential Supplies of Grazing 182 



Nonrange Sources 1 82 



Range Sources 1 84 



Projected Demand and Supply 



Relationships 186 



Demand and Supply Comparisons 186 



Optimization of Grazing 186 



Impact of Increased Energy Prices 187 



Environmental Constraints 188 



Federal Lands 1 88 



Opportunities for Increasing 



Range Grazing 1 89 



Management Application Opportunities 189 



Technical Assistance 191 



Financing Range Management 



and Range Development 191 



Research and Technology Transfer 192 



Research Needs 192 



Technology Transfer 192 



Chapter 6. — Timber 1 97 



The Demand for Timber 197 



Trends in the Major Timber 



Product Markets 197 



Trends in Unit Use 20 1 



Projected Demand for Lumber 



and Panel Products 202 



Projected Demand for Pulpwood 203 



Projected Demand for Other 



Industrial Timber Products 207 



Fuelwood 208 



Projected Demand for Timber 210 



Trade in Timber Products 211 



Trends in Timber Product Exports 211 



Trends in Timber Product Imports .... 216 



Trends in World Timber Demands 216 



World Forest Land 



and Timber Resources 218 



Prospective Trends in U.S. Timber 



Product Trade 220 



Demand for Timber from 



Domestic Forests 220 



Primary Timber Processing Industries 221 



Lumber Manufacturing 224 



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Plywood and Veneer Manufacturing 224 



Woodpulp Manufacturing 226 



Other Primary Timber Manufacturing 227 



Domestic Timber Resources 227 



Commercial Timberland 227 



Timber Inventory 229 



Timber Mortality 23 1 



Net Annual Timber Growth 23 1 



Timber Removals 235 



Timber Growth-Removal Balances 236 



Projected Base Level Changes 



in Timber Resources 236 



Projected Base Level Timber Supplies 237 



Projected Base Level Net Annual Timber 



Growth and Mortality 245 



Projected Base Level Timber Inventories . . .246 



The Qualified Outlook 247 



Projected Timber Demand-Supply 



Relationships 247 



The Demand-Supply-Price Outlook 



for Softwoods 247 



The Demand-Supply-Price Outlook 



for Hardwoods 25 1 



The General Price Outlook 25 1 



Social, Economic, and Environmental 



Effects of Rising Timber Prices 254 



Biological and Research Opportunities 

 for Increasing Timber Supplies 



and Reducing Losses 256 



Increasing Timber Supplies 256 



Reducing Losses 259 



Economic Opportunities for Increasing 



Timber Supplies 259 



Prospective Impacts of Implementing 

 the Economic Opportunities 



for Management Intensification 263 



The Importance of Forest Ownership 264 



Environmental and Multiple Use Impacts 



of Intensified Management 265 



Extending Timber Supplies Through 



Improved Utilization and Research 266 



Possibilities for Improvement 268 



Reduction of Demand 



for Timber Products 269 



The General Role of Research 269 



Chapter 7. — Water 273 



The Demand for Water 273 



Water Withdrawals by Major Use 274 



Water Withdrawals by Region and Use . . . .276 



Consumptive Use of Water 276 



Consumption by Region and Use 284 



Instream Uses 286 



The Supply of Water 287 



Problem Areas 290 



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