northern and walleye pike, and muskie. The most 

 popular anadromous fish species in 1975 included: 



Proportion 

 of anglers 



Species 



Principal range 



(Percent) 



40 Salmon 



36 



21 



14 



Striped 

 bass 



Steelhead 



Sea-run 

 trout 



Shad 



Chinook and coho — 

 Alaska to California, 

 inland to Idaho (trans- 

 planted to Great Lakes) 



Chum — Alaska to Oregon 



Pink, sockeye — Alaska to 

 Puget Sound 



Atlantic — remnants in 

 northeast; population 

 now being re-estblished 



Canada to Louisiana 

 (transplanted to Pacific 

 Coast and to inland 

 States) 



Alaska to California, 

 inland to Idaho (trans- 

 planted to Great Lakes) 



Cutthroat, Dolly Varden — 

 Alaska to California 



Canada to Florida (trans- 

 planted to Pacific Coast) 



Most hunters do not specialize in one type of 

 hunting. For example, 73 percent of those who hunt 

 big game also hunt small game. Consider the 

 following cross-tabulation of those who hunt several 

 kinds of animals: 





this proportion 

 also hunts these: 



Of those who 

 hunt these 

 animals — 



Big 



game 



Small 

 game 



Migra- 

 tory 

 birds 



Other 

 species 







Pera 



?nt 





Big game 



— 



73 



39 



29 



Small game 



58 



— 



46 



34 



Migratory 











birds 



59 



88 



— 



36 



Other species 



61 



91 



50 



— 



Table 4.3 — Participation and annual expendi- 

 tures in selected recreational uses of wildlife 

 and fish in the United States, 1975^ 





Portion 







Average 





of 



Days 



Annual 



cost per 





popu- 



per 



cost per 



person 



Activity 



lation^ 



person 



person 



per day 





Percent 



Days 



Dollars 



Dollars 



All fishing 



(29) 









Warm water 



22 



21 



188 



9 



Coldwater 



10 



13 



159 



12 



Anadromous 



4 



9 



158 



17 



Saltwater 



9 



13 



211 



17 



All hunting 



(11) 









Small game 



9 



16 



104 



6 



Big game 



7 



10 



196 



20 



Migratory birds 



5 



10 



109 



11 



Clamming and 











crabbing 



14 



9 



3 



3 



Wildlife observation 



27 



32 



3 



3 



Wildlife photography 



8 



10 



3 



3 



' Days per person and cost data rounded 



^Includes those at least 9 years of age who participated to any extent in 1975 



'Comparable national data not available. 



Source: US- Department of the Interior, Fish and W/ildlife Service 1975 national 

 survey of hunting, fishing and wildlife associated recreation. (Including unpub- 

 lished supporting statistical data) Washington, DC. 1977. 



Only a third of those who fish also hunt; 90 percent 

 of the much smaller number who hunt also fish. 

 About half of those who go on outings specifically to 

 observe or photograph wildlife also hunt or fish at 

 other times. The average age of participants in all 

 hunting and fishing activities is about 30. Less than 

 10 percent of the hunters and 25 to 30 percent of the 

 anglers are women; nearly half of the participants in 

 nonconsumptive activities are women. Average fam- 

 ily incomes are between $10,000 and $15,000 except 

 for saltwater anglers and nonconsumptive users, 

 whose average incomes are slightly higher. 



Future recreational demands. — Although outdoor 

 recreation centered on wildlife and fish includes 

 commercial operations for which there is information 

 on market values, most that occurs on forest and 

 range lands is available without charge or at a nomi- 

 nal charge determined administratively. As a result, 

 future demands for the Nation cannot be estimated 

 by traditional economic procedures. Instead, it is 

 necessary to express expectations of future participa- 

 tion in terms of desired participation levels. 



Although disparities exist among available surveys, 

 appreciative or nonconsumptive users have increased 

 in numbers rather substantially in the last decade. 

 Birding appears to be continuing to increase in 

 popularity. Wildlife photography is increasing more 

 rapidly, but the number of photographers is so small 

 that projecting trends is risky. On the other hand, 

 nature and wildlife observers and memberships in 



15 



