softwood saw logs and/ or lumber from the Soviet 

 Union, Canada, and New Zealand, and possibly 

 other sources. Softwoods from domestic forests 

 might also contribute a larger share of supply. 



The timber demand-supply situation in other coun- 

 tries and regions. — Although most of the United 

 States export trade in timber products has been with 

 Europe and Japan, significant exports of woodpulp, 

 paper and board, lumber, logs, veneer, and plywood 

 have gone to other countries. For example, there has 

 been considerable growth in softwood lumber and 

 paper and board exports to Canada, and paper and 

 board exports to Central and South America. Trade 

 in other timber products with other regions has been 

 important, but exports have shown only slow growth 

 or been stable over the 1960's and 1970's. 



In general, demands for timber products are rising 

 in these areas. However, many have substantial forest 

 resources. These resources, along with the develop- 

 ment of domestic timber processing facilities, are 

 likely to significantly affect the future levels of United 

 States exports. Plans for pulp and other types of 

 timber processing complexes for numerous countries 

 in Asia, Africa, and South America generally have a 

 reduction in imports as one of the goals of develop- 

 ment. If and when these plans come to fruition, they 

 could have a significant impact on world trade pat- 

 terns, especially for hardwood logs, lumber and ply- 

 wood, pulp and paper, and board. 



Most of the high-quality, old-growth softwood timber on State 

 and forest industry lands on the Pacific Coast will be harvested by 

 the I990"s. 



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World Forest Land and Timber Resources 



Future United States trade in timber products will 

 be influenced by the trends in demands in the major 

 consuming areas discussed above. Trade will also be 

 influenced by the supplies of timber in the timber- 

 producing regions of the world. 



There are an estimated 7.5 billion acres of forest 

 land with 20 percent or more tree crown cover in the 

 world. Most of the hardwood forests are in Latin 

 America and the tropical regions of Africa and South- 

 east Asia. The softwood acreage is concentrated in 

 the Soviet Union and in North America. 



The world's forests contain an estimated 11.4 tril- 

 lion cubic feet of timber (table 6.7). Softwoods make 

 up one-third of this timber inventory. North America 

 and the Soviet Union contain the largest volumes of 

 softwood growing stock, while Latin America, Africa, 

 and Southeast Asia have most of the hardwood 

 volumes. 



Table 6.7. — Forest growing stock in the world, 

 by area and species group 



(Billion cubic feet) 







Soft- 



Hard- 



Area 



Total 



wood 



wood 



North America 



1,288 



953 



335 



Latin America 



3,260 



92 



3,168 



Europe 



526 



335 



191 



Africa 



2,134 



4 



2,130 



Asia-Pacific 









{except Japan) 



1,330 



201 



1,129 



Japan 



71 



39 



32 



Soviet Union 



2,790 



2,366 



424 



World 



11,399 



3,990 



7,409 



Source Adapted from Prmgle. S L Tropical moist forests in world demand, 

 supply and trade Unasylva 28 (1l2-ll3r 106-108 1976, 



In 1973, the total world harvest of industrial round- 

 wood was about 48 billion cubic feet, with about 60 

 percent of this volume coming from softwood forests 

 in North America, the Soviet Union, and Europe. 



About 70 percent of the hardwood timber came 

 from the forests on North America, Asia, and Europe 

 — even though these areas contain only 22 percent of 

 the world's hardwood growing stock inventory. Latin 

 America contains nearly half the total world hard- 

 wood resources, but accounted for less than 8 percent 

 of world industrial hardwood supplies in 1973. 



Timber supply potential. — Hardwood forests in 

 many regions of the world, including the United 

 States, could support higher levels of harvest in the 

 next several decades. Most of this apparent potential 

 is in the tropical hardwood forests of Latin America, 

 Southeast Asia, and Africa. 



218 



