Forest types — A classification of forest land based 

 upon the tree species presently forming a plurality 

 of stocking. For poletimber size trees and larger, 

 stocking is determined from basal area occurrence 

 and for trees less than 5.0 inches d.b.h. from 

 number of trees. 

 Major eastern forest type groups: 



White-red-jack pine — Forests in which eastern 

 white pine, red pine, or jack pine, singly or in 

 combination, comprise a plurality of the stock- 

 ing. (Common associates include hemlock, 

 aspen, birch, and maple.) 

 Spruce-fir — Forests in which spruce or true firs, 

 singly or in combination, comprise a plurality 

 of the stocking. (Common associates include 

 white-cedar, tamarack, maple, birch, and 

 hemlock.) 

 Longleaf-slash pine — Forests in which longleaf or 

 slash pine, singly or in combination, comprise a 

 plurahty of the stocking. (Common associates 

 include other southern pines, oak, and gum.) 

 Loblolly-shortleaf pine — Forests in which loblolly 

 pine, shortleaf pine, or southern yellow pines 

 except longleaf or slash pine, singly or in com- 

 bination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. 

 (Common associates include oak, hickory, and 

 gum.) 



Oak-pine — Forests in which hardwoods (usually 

 upland oaks) comprise a plurality of the stock- 

 ing but in which southern pines comprise 25-50 

 percent of the stocking. (Common associates 

 include hickory and yellow-poplar.) 



Oak-hickory — Forests in which upland oaks, or 

 hickory, singly or in combination, comprise a 

 plurality of the stocking except where pines 

 comprise 25-50 percent, in which case the stand 

 would be classified as oak-pine. (Common 

 associates include yellow-poplar, elm, maple, 

 and black walnut.) 



Oak-gum-cypress — Bottomland forests in which 

 tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, oaks, or southern 

 cypress, singly or in combination, comprise a 

 plurahty of the stocking except where pines 

 comprise 25-50 percent, in which case the stand 

 would be classified as oak-pine. (Common asso- 

 ciates include Cottonwood, willow, ash, elm, 

 hackberry, and maple.) 



Elm-ash-cottonwood — Forests in which elm, ash, 

 or Cottonwood, singly or in combination, com- 

 prise a plurality of the stocking. (Common 

 associates include willow, sycamore, beech, and 

 maple.) 



Aspen-birch — Forests in which aspen, balsam 

 poplar, paper birch, or gray birch, singly or in 



combination, comprise a plurality of the stock- 

 ing. (Common associates include maple and 

 balsam fir.) 



Major western forest type groups: 



Douglas-fir — Forests in which Douglas-fir com- 

 prise a plurality of the stocking. (Common 

 associates include western hemlock, western 

 redcedar, the true firs, redwood, ponderosa 

 pine, and larch.) 



Hemlock-Sitka spruce — Forests in which western 

 hemlock and/ or Sitka spruce comprise a plural- 

 ity of the stocking. (Common associates include 

 Douglas-fir, silver fir, and western redcedar.) 



Redwood — Forests in which redwood comprises 

 a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates 

 include Douglas-fir, grand fir, and tanoak.) 



Ponderosa pine — Forests in which ponderosa 

 pine comprises a plurality of the stocking. 

 (Common associates include Jeffery pine, sugar 

 pine, limber pine, Apache pine. Chihuahua 

 pine, Douglas-fir, incense-cedar, and white fir.) 



Western white pine — Forests in which western 

 pine comprises a plurahty of the stocking. 

 (Common associates include western redcedar, 

 larch, white fir, Douglas-fir. lodgepole pine, 

 and Engelmann spruce.) 



Lodgepole pine — Forests in which lodgepole pine 

 comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Common 

 associates are alpine fir, western white pine, 

 Engelmann spruce, aspen, and larch.) 



Larch — Forests in which western larch comprises 

 a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates 

 are Douglas-fir, grand fir, western redcedar, 

 and western white pine.) 



Fir-spruce — Forests in which true firs (Abies 

 spp.), Engelmann spruce, or Colorado blue 

 spruce, singly or in combination, comprise a 

 plurality of the stocking. (Common associates 

 are mountain hemlock and lodgepole pine.) 



Hardwoods — Forests in which aspen, red alder or 

 other western hardwoods, singly or in combina- 

 tion, comprise a pluraUty of the stocking. 



Chaparral — Forests of heavily branched dwarfed 

 trees or shrubs, usually evergreen, the crown 

 canopy of which at maturity covers more than 

 50 percent of the ground and whose primary 

 value is watershed protection. The more com- 

 mon chaparral constituents are species of Quer- 

 cus, Cercocarpus, Garrya, Ceanothus, Arctos- 

 taphylos, and Adenostoma. (Types dominated 

 by such shrubs as Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, 

 Purshia, Gutierrezia, or semi-desert species are 

 not commonly considered chaparral.) 



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