Phreatophyte — A deep-rooted plant which obtains 

 its water from the water table or the layer of soil 

 just above it. 



Plant residues — Wood materials from primary manu- 

 facturing plants that are not used for any product. 

 Typically includes slabs, edgings, trimmings, mis- 

 cuts, sawdust, shavings, veneer cores and clip- 

 pings, and pulp screenings. 



Point pollution source — Any discernible, confined, 

 and discrete conveyance from which pollutants are 

 or may be discharged, including but not limited to 

 any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, dis- 

 crete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated 

 animal feeding operation, or vessel or other float- 

 ing craft. 



Poletimber stands — Stands at least 10 percent 

 stocked with growing stock trees, of which half or 

 more of the stocking is sawtimber and/ or pole- 

 timber trees with poletimber stocking exceeding 

 that of sawtimber. (See definition of Stocking.) 



Poletimber trees — Live trees of commercial species 

 at least 5.0 inches in diameter at breast height but 

 smaller than sawtimber size, and of good form and 

 vigor. 



Potential growth — The average net annual growth 

 per acre attainable in fully stocked natural stands 

 at culmination of mean annual growth of domi- 

 nate or codominate trees. 



Primary manufacturing plants — Plants using round 

 wood products such as saw logs, pulpwood bolts, 

 veneer, logs, etc. 



Productive-reserved forest land — Productive public 

 forest land withdrawn from timber utilization 

 through statute or administrative regulations. 



Productivity class — A classification of forest land in 

 terms of potential growth in cubic ^eet of fully 

 stocked natural stands. 



Range — All land producing native forage for animal 

 consumption, and lands that are revegetated natu- 

 rally or artificially to provide a forage cover that is 

 managed like native vegetation. 



Rangeland — Land on which the potential natural 

 vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike 

 plants, forbs, or shrubs, including land revegetated 

 naturally or artificially that is managed like native 

 vegetation. Rangeland includes natural grasslands, 

 savannas, shrublands, most deserts, tundra, alpine 

 communities, coastal marshes, and wet meadows 

 that are less than 10 percent stocked with forest 

 trees of any size. 



Major rangeland type groups: 



Sagebrush — Rangeland characterized by shrubs, 

 principally of the genus Artemisia, which are 

 usually 1 to 7 feet high, although other shrubs 



may be part of the vegetation. Grasses of the 

 genera Agropyron, Festuca, Stipa, Poa, and 

 Bromus, as well as broad-leaved herbs, may be 

 in the understory. 



Desert shrub — Rangeland characterized by dry- 

 land (xeric) shrubs varying in height from 4 

 inches to many feet. Principal shrubs are black- 

 bush, saltbush, greasewood, creosote bush, bur 

 sage, palo verde, and cactus. Stands are gener- 

 ally open, with a large amount of bare soil and 

 desert pavement exposed. Understory vegeta- 

 tion is generally sparse. 



Shinnery — Midgrass prairie with open to dense 

 stands or broad-leaved deciduous shrubs and 

 occasional needle-leaved low trees and shrubs. 

 The major shrubs are Harvard and shin oak, 

 juniper, and mesquite. Common associates 

 include little bluestem, side-oats grama, sand 

 bluestem, sand sagebrush, and yucca. 



Texas savanna — A high-shrub savanna character- 

 ized by a dense to very open mixture of broad- 

 leaved, deciduous and evergreen low trees and 

 shrubs and needle-leaved low evergreen trees 

 and shrubs. The grass varies from short to 

 medium tall, and the herbaceous vegetation var- 

 ies from dense to open. Common plants include 

 mesquite, acacia, oaks, juniper, ceniza, cactus, 

 bluestems, three-awns, buffalo grass, gramas, 

 and tobosa. 



Southwestern shrubsteppe — Rangeland charac- 

 terized by vegetation types ranging from short 

 grass with scattered shrubs to shrubs with scat- 

 tered areas of short grasses. Characteristic vege- 

 tation includes yucca, mesquite, creosotebush, 

 tarbush, black grama, three-awns, tobosa, side- 

 oats grama, and curly mesquite. 



Mountain grasslands — Rangeland characterized 

 by bunchgrass of the fescue and wheatgrass, 

 oatgrass, bluegrass, and needlegrass groups. 

 Forbs may be abundant. 



Mountain meadows — Rangeland characterized 

 by mesic grasses such as hairgrass, red top, and 

 bent grasses; sedges; rushes; and in some cases, 

 phreatophytic shrubs. Under the best condi- 



' tions, 70 percent of the ground is covered by 

 vegetation, more than three-fourths of which 

 may be perennial grasses. Sedges may consti- 

 tute as much as 15 percent of the cover. Peren- 

 nial forbs with showy flowers make up only 

 about 10 percent of the cover. 



Plains grasslands — Rangeland characterized by 

 short, warm season grasses, with a minor 

 interspersion of forbs and shrubs. Dominant 

 vegetation includes blue grama and buffalo 



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