Table 1.--Effect of chemicals on infection of shortleaf 
pine stumps by Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. 
5 Composition ; Protection 
Pever tat : (by weight) :(stumps not infected) 
Percent 
Urea (technical grade) 20% in reer) 100 
Ammate 40% in water 95 
Ammonium fluoride o% in water 95 
(technical grade) 
Borateem (sodium tetra- 10% in water 95 
borate decahydrate) 
Borax (technical grade 10% in water 90 
sodium tetraborate 
decahydrate) 
Borax (technical grade 10% borax + 35% 85 
sodium tetraborate ethyl alcohol 
decahydrate) + ethyl in water 
alcohol 
Creosote 100% creosote 70 
Pentachlorophenol Siyj 2biok Es ifed ali cancoys bal 65 
Inoculated control --- +) 
1/ Urea was used as a 20 percent solution of the 45 
percent technical grade material. 
are cheap, readily available, and easy to apply. F. annosus 
damage is much more serious in thinned pine plantations than 
in natural pine stands. When thinning natural pine stands, 
therefore, stump treatment is probably not justified. 
Since stump treatment can only protect stands against 
initial invasion by F. annosus, it is important that stumps 
be treated after each thinning, beginning with the first. If 
F. annosus infection is already present, stump treatment is 
not warranted. Once the disease is established in an area, 
its spread cannot be prevented. 
Bikey 
