MANAGEMENT. 45 



to that of chestnut. Black and scarlet oaks are more suited to 

 the dry soils of the oak and oak-chestnut types, where, in fact, they 

 must usually remain predominant. The oaks have the great advan- 

 tage that they are not subject to any serious disease of a widely epi- 

 demic nature. The wood can be treated with chemical preservatives 

 at small cost, and it is very probable that in the future preseivative 

 methods will greatly increase the scope of these species' usefulness. 



The "white oaks" — white oak and chestnut or "rock" oak — are in 

 wide demand for ties and lumber, owing; to their strength and dura- 

 bility. They are not susceptible to serious injury from disease, 

 except in isolated cases, but, on the other hand, grow very slowly and 

 require a long time to produce any material other than cordwood. 

 Chestnut oak is well adapted to dry soils, and its superior sprouting 

 ability fits it for management as sprout woods on dry, ridgy land of 

 low value. 



Hickory, red maple, dogwood, and other hardwood species com- 

 monly occur in second-growth stands of all types and qualities. They 

 usually occupy a subordinate position in the stand, where they form 

 an important and valuable source of cordwood. Hickory, while in 

 great demand in the wagon and tool-handle industries, is of Very slow 

 growth, and does not do well enough in the State to warrant its man- 

 agement as the principal tree of a stand. Other species, such as white 

 and red pine and yellow poplar, are particularly desirable for manage- 

 ment in suitable soils, but their discussion lies outside the scope of 

 this bulletin. 



FACTORS INFLUENCING ROTATION. 



In deciding upon the length of rotation to be adopted the four most 

 important considerations are: (1) The method by which it is planned 

 to reproduce the stand; (2) the kind of material to be obtained; (3) the 

 time at which the average anuual growth culminates for any given 

 kind of material ; and (4) the time when the stand, if cut, would yield 

 the highest net money return. 



METHOD OF REPRODUCING THE STAND. 



The reproduction by sprouts of chestnut and oak stands in Connect- 

 icut has proved so simple and easy a method that it will probably 

 continue to be the one most practiced in the State. Its influence upon 

 the choice of a rotation has to do with the danger of delaying the cut 

 until the stand passes the age of vigorous sprout production. In 

 chestnut stands this danger is not serious, since the trees will usually 

 produce vigorous sprouts even if not cut until 75 years old or even later. 



