390 General Biology 



Linnaeus, Wolff, Cuvier, Bichat, Lamarck, von Baer, J. Miiller, 

 Schwann, Schultze, Darwin, Pasteur, Zittel, and Mendel. 



Such a list is, as a matter of course, arbitrary, and can serve no 

 useful purpose except that of bringing together into a single group the 

 names of the most illustrious founders of biological science. The indi- 

 viduals mentioned are not all of the same relative rank, and the list 

 should be extended rather than contracted. Schwann, when the entire 

 output of the two is considered, would rank lower as a scientific man 

 than Koelliker, who is not mentioned, but the former must stand in the 

 list on account of his connection with the cell-theory. Virchow, the 

 presumptive founder of pathology, is omitted, as are also investigators 

 like Koch, whose line of activity has been chiefly medical. 

 References. 



Henry F. Osborn, "From the Greeks to Darwin." 



L. C. Miall, "History of Biology." 



William C. Locy, "Biology and Its Makers." 



Garrison, "The History of Medicine." 



Albert H. Buck, "The Growth of Medicine from the Earliest Times 

 to about 1800." 



Albert H. Buck, "The Dawn of Modern Medicine." 



Lorande L. Woodruff, "History of Biology," in The Scientific 

 Monthly, March, 1921. 



A. G. Little, "Roger Bacon. Essays contributed by various writers 

 on the occasion of the commemoration of the seventh century of his 

 birth." (1914.) 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL 



EVENTS 



B.C. 



540 Xenophanes was first to recognize fossils as proving that the 



earth was formed under the sea and rose out of it. 

 500 Heraclitus, often called the first evolutionist. He first advanced 



the principle that "all things flow." 

 450 Empedocles was first to suggest natural selection and survival of 



the fittest. 

 400 Hippocrates is called "the Father of Medicine." 

 350 Aristotle, founder of zoology. 

 320 Theophrastus, first botanist. 

 320 Erasistratus, first to give mechanical explanation of disease 



symptoms. 

 300 Herophilus, first anatomist. 



A. D. 



79 Pliny wrote the first popular natural history. 

 160 Galen founded medical physiology. 

 1266 Bacon wrote his Opus Majus. 



