Paleontology 



395 



Geology and climatology attempt to explain each other, the former 

 by its effect upon climate, and the latter by its effect on the changing 

 strata which go to make up the earth's surface. In fact, it is the 



PSYCHOZOIC 



IJ.00O tO 150.000 YEARS 



. RECENT 





£ 



z to^ 



Age 6t n&rv, Insects and all 

 those Mammals now living; 

 All Phyla of Plants includ- 

 ing highest flowering 



Quartern*™ or Pleistocene 

 (pieistos.nojttiuinot- recent") 

 OUcial Period Also 

 Called Metal »ge of 

 Palaeolithic <s<3es 



Tapir - , Pecary, Bison, Llama, Equus, 

 Megatherium, rlylodorv 



(Gigantic sloths) (Oigantic sloths) 



All trace of Man lost 

 Mammals abundant, m^ny 

 of which are now extinct 

 Pithecanthropus 

 (PitheK0S = ape+ anthropos= 

 rlan) Found in Java _, 

 Probably at close or 

 Pliocene Period 



f-C- O 



»|1 



-si 

 sits 



E(JUUS Bed5 (Equus Horse) 



Equus, Tapirus.Elephas 



Pliohippus Beds Hippus = Hoi'se 

 Pliohippus, Mas to den, Bos., etc 



Drimntes Had made great 

 Progress. Ancestral 

 Stock of gibbons 

 Dryopithecus (Orus-Trw* 

 PifheKus=Ape) 

 Large Anthropoids 

 Increase in higher 

 flowering Plants 



i 

 Sgg 



Miohippus Beds ,_. . 



Miohiopus, Oiceratherium&hornedjJlMnohyus. 

 Oreodon Beds.(orae-nou * ir.»odont.Too+h) 



Edendates. Hyoenodon, Hyrocoden. 

 BrontothClium Beds. (Bron+e-ThunderVTherion- Beast) 



Mesohippus, Kenodus, Elothci'ium 



Mammalian Forms 



abundant Many now 



extinct 



Increase in "lowering - 



Plants 5 



4^ 



2|'5 



Diplacodon Beds Epihippus. Amynodon. 

 Oinocerus Beds. Tinoceras, Uintatheiium 

 (OeinuS'tcriiklc*Kei'aS-Horn) 



Limnonyus, Orohippus,Helal?tes Colonoceras. 

 Coiyphodon Beds. Eohippus, tlonKeys, 



(CorUphe -- Summit + odont. Tooth 



Qrni vores. Ungulates, Til/odon+s. Rodents. 



E 



CM 



Bird like Reptiles 

 Flying Reptiles 

 Toothed Birds" 

 First SnaKes. 

 Bony Fishes abound; 

 SharKs numerous, 



Rapid increase 

 of Lower Flowering 

 Plants 



^§ 



nJ -Si, 



Lignite Series 

 Hydrasaurus, Drypfosaui'us 



Ptei'ai\0d0n BedS.(PterodaduS-winc<ed reptile <- 

 anodon- Toothless) 



Birds with Teeth, Hesperornis. 

 Ichthyornis, Mosasaurs 

 Pterodacfhyls. P/esiojaurs. 



DaKora (fi'oup 



First Birds, 

 Giant Reptiles. 

 Ammonites, 

 Clams and Snails 



Abundant 



Ferns , Cycads, 

 and Coniters. 



e=S>- o 



Atlantasaums Beds 

 Dinosaurs, Apcxtosaurus. 

 Nanosaurus, Turtles, DiplosauruS. 



First Mammal Found, 

 (a Marsupial); 

 sharks reduced to 

 new Forms, 

 Bony Fishes appeal' 



Ferns, eveads, 

 and Conifers. 



1 S 



Conn<?ct»cuf River bods. 

 Dinosaur Foot-prints. (Amphisaurus) 



Crocodiles, (Bclodon). 



Fig. 245. 



Composite Palaeontological Chart, compiled from many authors, showing geo- 

 logical strata and fossil-forms found in each. It will be noted that the number of 

 years assigned each stratum varies from any given amount to ten and even a 

 hundred times that number. The student must therefore realize that all such 

 estimates are only guesses. What he must know is the relative percentage of 

 time and the relative percentage of depth of each layer and speak only in terras 

 of "eras" and depths. 



Professor Osborn has just described (Natural History, for November-Decem- 

 ber. 1921) a Tertiary man living long before the ice-age. 



