Evolution 411 



(c) If the Haeckelian law is to hold good, that embryos pass 

 through the adult stages of the race to which they belong, we are con- 

 fronted with some unacceptable conclusions. For instance, only the 

 human being walks in an entirely upright position. In man alone there 

 are in the developing brain three complete bends which remain through- 

 out adult life. It is assumed that only his upright position can account 

 for the third bend, which brings the cerebral hemispheres back over the 

 brain-stem. But in the chick, and in practically, if not all, vertebrates, 

 these three bends take place in the embryo. It is later that at least one, 

 and sometimes two, of the bends disappear. We must, therefore, assume 

 that frogs, chicks, lizards, etc., once walked erect like man, an assump- 

 tion that not even the most ardent defenders of the Haeckelian law 

 will admit. 



5. Comparative Physiology. 



(a) Similarity of blood-composition in quite similar forms is to be 

 explained again on the principle that all similar forms go through a 

 similar development, and that with similar food and temperature, the 

 blood must necessarily be quite similar because it must draw its com- 

 ponent substance from the same food material. 



(b) Since the blood of a hybrid-form, such as the mule, reacts 

 differently from that of either of its parents, we do not know, until 

 further research brings forth more proof, that similarity of reaction in 

 blood-tests is a valid test of relationship. 



6. Geographical Distribution. 



This, like natural selection, can only show why some organisms 

 survived. It throws no light on origins. It can show how parts of an 

 organism may be lost, but not how additional complexity has come. 



7. Natural Selection. 



This explains nothing of importance. It fails utterly to explain the 

 degeneration of useless organs, and why variations of great magnitude 

 do not occur more often, as well as why and how a simultaneous varia- 

 tion in different parts of the body takes place to improve a definite 

 organ. 



8. Psychology. 



All the evidence evolutionists adduce to prove their arguments is 

 invalid because they take only the physical side of the organism into 

 consideration, forgetting* the most important part — the mental. 



