16 



The wood of the Red Spruce is used for construction, and thousands 

 of trees of all sizes also find their way to the pulp mills for the manu- 

 facture of paper. During the summer of 1899 several large new mills 

 were building in central Maine, one of which was expected to con- 

 sume 300 tons of spruce wood daily. In a recent article in The 

 Forester, Mr. Lyman, of the International Paper Company, discusses 

 at length the use of this spruce for maJving pulp. 



The tree is one of moderateh' slow growth. It reproduces itself 

 well from seed, and grows up readih' to replace the original stand of 

 timber. In the forest, when growing in close stands, the lower 

 branches die gradually and break off, leaving dead stubs which, in the 

 case of larger branches, offer inviting spots for the entrance of fungus 

 spores for several years after the fall of the dead branch. Attention 

 has already been called by the writer to the manner in which different 

 trees heal the wounds caused by dead branches.^ 



There are resin channels scattered through the summer wood. Their 

 number varies considerably in the individual tree. In some trees 

 there are but one or two in a given ring, while six or eight years 

 later there ma}^ be two or three dozen. 



WHITE SPRUCE. 



The White Spruce, Picea canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P. (P. alba Link), 

 a very much more stately tree than the Eed Spruce, grows to a height 

 of lob feet (about 16 meters), with a trunk 3 to 1 feet (0.9 to 1.2 meters) 

 in diameter. In the Northeastern States it is found in abundance, 

 especially along the coast, and on some of the islands it is the only tree. 

 It is wideh' distributed to the north and northwest, extending into 

 Alaska. In the New England States it is not as abundant as the Red 

 Spruce and is not used for lumber purposes to the same extent as its 

 near relative. 



In the eastern jDrovinces of Canada, where it is probably the only Spruce cut in 

 large quantities, it is used in construction and for the interior finish of buildings and 

 for paper pulp. * * * White Spruce lumber is also occasionally manufactured in 

 Dakota and Montana, etc.^ * * * 



The wood of the White Spruce is straw yellow, very light, and not 

 strong. Resin passages occur now and then in the very narrow band 

 of summer cells. As an ornamental tree it is more extensively used 

 than the Red Spruce. 



^Von Schrenk, H., Two Diseases of Red Cedar. Bui. Xo. 21, U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Div. Yeg. Phys. and Path. 

 ^^ Sargent, C. S. Silva of Xorth America. 12:37. 1898. 



