Nontimber Uses of Timberlands 
In addition to timber, the lands of both the forest industries 
and other private and public owners of southern timber- 
lands have continued to provide other products and services 
as well. With intensified management of these lands for tim- 
ber after World War II and adoption of fencing laws in vari- 
ous Southern States, livestock raising in southern timber- 
lands decreased, particularly the raising of the semiwild 
razorback hogs that for decades had limited forest regenera- 
tion in many areas. Nevertheless, considerable grazing by 
cattle has continued on many timberlands, and research by 
the Forest Service and State experiment stations has demon- 
Hunting has always been and continues to 
be an important food-producing and 
recreational use of southern forests. Although 
there has been conflict over certain timber 
harvesting and management practices, 
research has developed ways of integrating 
timber management with the production of 
wildlife. Many industrial owners and other 
private owners now manage their lands to 
sustain and enhance wildlife populations. 
strated that livestock grazing can often be successfully inte- 
grated with timber management. 
Hunting has also continued to be an important food- 
producing and recreational use of southern timberlands. 
Hunters have opposed certain timber harvesting and man- 
agement practices. Cutting down hardwoods and replacing 
them with pine plantations, for example, has often been 
unacceptable to hunters of deer, squirrel, and turkey. But re- 
search and experience have identified ways of integrating 
timber management with production of wildlife, particularly 
species such as deer and quail. 
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