Figure 5.1—Sub-State regions used in analyzing economic 
treatment opportunities 
Treatments: 
1. Regenerate with site preparation. 
2. Regenerate without site preparation. 
3. Convert stand to preferred species. 
Precommercial thin seedlings and saplings. 
Commercial thin poletimber stands. 
Stocking control, cleaning, or release. 
Clearcut overmature timber and regenerate. 
Salvage damaged timber and regenerate. 
No treatment needed. 
CON ANE 
Ownerships: 
National forest. 
Other public. 
Forest industry, including leased private lands. 
Other private, including farmer, corporate, and 
other individual. 
BRWN 
Site classes: 
1. High sites (those growing 85+ cubic feet per acre 
per year). 
2. Medium sites (those growing 50-85 cubic feet per 
acre per year). 
3. Low sites (those growing 20-50 cubic feet per 
acre per year). 
Forest management types: 
1. Nonstocked land. 
2. Pine plantations (loblolly/shortleaf and longleaf/ 
slash). 
3. Natural pine (loblolly/shortleaf and longleaf/slash). 
4. Mixed pine—hardwoods (oak—pine). 
5. Upland hardwoods (oak—hickory). 
6. Bottomland hardwoods (elm/ash/cottonwood). 
Management Options—Timber management options, or 
sets of management practices, were developed for each com- 
bination of treatment, forest management type, and site 
class. Although many management options are possible, 
only one option was selected and evaluated for each group 
of acres. In most cases, but not all, the selected manage- 
ment option was to establish pine plantations. 
Bottomland hardwood stands were not converted to pine 
except in cases where stand conversion was recommended 
as the needed treatment by forest inventory data. Natural 
pine, mixed pine—hardwood, and upland hardwood forest 
management types on low sites were assumed to be man- 
aged by natural regeneration methods in most instances. 
Only in cases where site preparation was required for 
regeneration, salvage, or type conversion of low sites for 
these types did management options include artificial regen- 
eration to pine plantations. 
The same base options were used for all ownerships and 
production regions because data available were insufficient 
to develop consistent sets of options for different owner- 
ship classes or regions. Each management option specified 
the management activities required, timing of treatments 
and harvests, timber yields, forest types, and stocking levels. 
These factors were used to develop projected cash-flows. 
Separate options were developed for managed and 
unmanaged stands. The treated option was used to project 
results if specific management practices were applied to in- 
crease productivity. The untreated option was used to deter- 
mine expected timber harvests for untreated stands. 
All management options for treated stands were carried 
out for three to five full rotations, a minimum of 150 
years. In cases where pine plantations were established, 
these were continued in subsequent rotations. This method 
was used to establish a consistent investment period for com- 
parison with cost and revenue expectations from similar, 
but untreated, stands. 
