Glossary of Terms 
Bottomland hardwoods—Bottomland forests in which 50 
percent or more of the stand is tupelo, blackgum, sweet- 
gum, oak, and southern cypress, singly or in combination, 
and southern pine makes up less than 25 percent. Common 
associates include cottonwood, willow, oak, elm, hackberry, 
and maple. This type is found on the alluvial flood plains 
of the Mississippi and other southern rivers. 
Coastal Plain—The geographic area that stretches inland 
along the coast from Virginia to Texas. It includes all of 
Florida, Mississippi, and Louisiana; over half of South 
Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama; southeastern Virginia, 
North Carolina, Texas, and Arkansas; western Tennessee and 
the southeastern corner of Oklahoma. It has gentle slopes 
with little local relief. Marshes, swamps, and lakes are 
common. 
Cord—A stack of wood containing 128 cubic feet within 
its outside surface. The standard dimensions are 4 by 4 by 
8 feet. 
Corporate lands—Lands owned by corporate organizations 
other than forest industry, such as utility companies, rail- 
roads, realty firms, hunting clubs, insurance companies, and 
banks. 
Cropland—Land used for the production of adapted crops 
for harvest, including row crops, small grain crops, hay 
crops, nursery crops, orchard crops, and other specialty 
crops. The land may be used continuously for these crops, 
or they may be grown in rotation with grasses and 
legumes. 
Cull trees—Live trees of sawtimber and poletimber size 
that are unmerchantable for sawlogs now or prospectively 
because of roughness, rot, or species. 
Diameter classes—A classification of trees based on 
diameter outside bark measured at breast height (4 1/2 feet 
above ground). D.b.h is the common abbreviation for 
‘‘diameter at breast height.’’ When using 2-inch diameter 
classes, the 6-inch class, for example, includes trees 5.0 
through 6.9 inches d.b.h. inclusive. 
Douglas-fir region—The geographic area west of the crest 
of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington. 
Economic opportunities to increase net annual growth 
on: 
Timberland—All opportunities on timberland to increase 
net annual timber growth or value that would yield 4 
percent or more (in constant dollars net of inflation or 
deflation) on the investments required to implement the 
opportunities. 
Cropland and pasture—All opportunities on cropland 
and pasture that would yield higher rates of return to the 
owner if planted to pine. 
Farmer-owned lands—Lands owned by a person who 
operates a farm, either doing the work himself or directly 
supervising the work. 
‘*First forest’’—The forest that existed in the South before 
the first clearing or harvest. 
Forest industries—Includes all or part of four industry 
groups classified under the Standard Industrial Classification 
System—lumber and wood products, furniture and fixtures, 
paper and allied products, and gum and wood chemicals— 
used by the Bureau of the Census in the preparation of 
Censuses of Manufactures. 
Forest industry lands—Lands owned or under lease for 
one rotation or longer by companies or individuals operating 
wood-using plants. 
Forest land—Land at least 10 percent stocked by forest 
trees of any size, including land that formerly had such tree 
cover and that will be naturally or artificially regenerated 
to trees. Forest land includes transition zones, such as areas 
between heavily forested and nonforested lands that are at 
least 10 percent stocked with forest trees, and forest areas 
adjacent to urban and built-up lands. Also included are 
pinyon—juniper and chaparral areas in the West, and 
afforested areas. The minimum area for classification of 
forest land is 1 acre. Roadside, streamside, and shelterbelt 
strips of timber must have a crown width of at least 120 feet 
to qualify as forest land. Unimproved roads and trai!: 
streams, and clearings in forest areas are classified 
if less than 120 feet in width. 
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