building access roads. For some areas, the long-run 

 solution may be species replacement — say red pine 

 for jack pine, spruce for balsam fir. Meanwhile, 

 timely logging, mostly on a partial cutting schedule, 

 can forestall much of the mortality. 



In the hardwood types, removal of cull and other 

 poor trees to the extent practicable will help to 

 reduce losses from natural causes. 



To suggest that mortality could be entirely elimi- 

 nated from the forests would be unrealistic, but under 

 better forest management involving improvement and 

 salvage cuts a substantial reduction of present losses 

 could be expected. 



Management Responsibilities Divided 



Minnesota forest lands are owned by a large num- 

 ber of different indi\iduals and agencies. Conditions 

 on these lands vary, as do the objectives of the owners. 

 Therefore, the problems of management are com- 

 plicated. 



Total forest area mav be restated thus: 



Federal 



State ... 



County 



Farmers 



Other private 



Total . 18.098,000 100 



Acres 



Percent 



3, 055, 000 



17 



3. 484, 000 



19 



3,619,000 



20 



4,881.000 



27 



3, 059, 000 



17 



800 



600 



^ 400 



i 



200 - 



I- 



/. 



y, / 



'^y^\ 



^z 



/'/' 





''4 



SOFTWOOD PULP SPECIES 



^^^ Allowoble cut 

 W^ Actual cut 1953 



PUBLIC 



"B. 



PRIVATE 



Figure 48. — Surpluses of softwood pulp timber exist on public Joresl\, 

 while private lands are overcut. 



Table 34. — Comparison, by ownership and species group, oj Minnesc- 

 ta' s allowable annual cut and actual 1953 cut Jor pulpwood and sawtimber 



SWVTlMBtR 



Public Agencies Have Most Surplus Wood 



Analysis of conditions on lands of different owner- 

 ship shows that much of the timber surplus is on 

 public lands primarily because these areas are less 

 accessible. In many places, privately owned forests 

 are being overcut. 



Of soft\vood pulp species, public forests could 

 supply 295.000 cords more than was cut in 1952 

 (fig. 48). Federal forests alone had a surplus of 

 217,000 cords (table 34), State forests 67,000 cords, 

 and county lands 11,000 cords. On the other hand, 

 private lands had an allowable cut deficit of 171,000 

 cords. 



Of aspen, public forests could supply 457,000 cords 

 more than were cut in 1953. Federal forests had a 

 191,000 cord surplus. State forests 95,000 cords, 

 county forests 171,000 cords. For this species private 

 lands also contained a small surplus of 42,000 cords 

 (fi?. 49). 





All species 



Softwoods 



Hardwoods 



Ownership 



Allow- 

 able 

 cut 



Actual 

 cut 



Allow- 

 able 

 cut 



Actual 

 cut 



Allow- 

 able 

 cut 



Actual 

 cut 



Federal 



Million 



bd.-Jt. 



154 



83 



62 

 225 



Million 

 bd.-Jt. 



17 

 160 



Million 



bd.-Jt. 



93 



45 



26 

 59 



Million 

 bd.-Jt. 



35 

 27 



9 

 67 



Million 



bd.-Jt. 



61 



38 



36 

 166 



Million 

 bd.-Ji. 

 13 



State 



10 



County and 



municipal 



S 

 93 







All owners 



524 



262 



223 



138 



301 



124 



PRINCIPAL PULPWOOD SPECIES 





Thou- 

 sand 

 cords 

 649 

 363 



316 

 623 



Thou- 

 sand 

 cords 

 241 

 201 



134 



752 



Thou- 

 sand 

 cords 

 378 

 212 



108 

 205 



Thou- 

 sand 

 cords 

 161 

 145 



97 

 376 



Thou- 

 sand 

 cords 



in 



151 



208 

 418 



Thou- 

 sand 

 cords 

 80 



State 



56 



County and 



municipal 



Private 



37 

 376 







.Ml owners 



1,951 



1,328 



903 



779 



1,048 



549 



42 



Forest Resource Report No. 13, U. S. Department of Agriculture 



