Grade 1 



Grade factors 



Hardwood (except 

 aspen) 



Butts only 



Butts and 

 uppers 



Red and 

 white pine 



Aspen 



Hardwood 

 (except 

 aspen) 



Grade 2 



Red and 

 white pine 



Grade 3 



Aspen All species 



Diameter (minimum) small end of log inches.. 



Length (minimum} feec_. 



Clear cuttings (on the 3 best faces); * 



Length (minimum) do 



Number on face 



Yield in face length (each of 3 faces) 



Yield in face length (each of 2 faces) 



Sweep and crook deduction (maximum) percent-. 



Total defect, including sweep (maximum) do 



1 13 

 10 



7 

 2 

 H 



1 16 

 10 



1 11 



SO 



n 



30 



25 

 2 



(') 



SO 

 60 



* For basswood and ash, drop 1 inch in d. i. b. ; 12, 15, and 10. 



- Only 5 feet merchantable length is required except in a 1-bolt tree where a 

 minimum of 8 feet is required. 



3 TifS and timber logs are not graded on a "cutting" basis. They will be 

 graded 2 or 3, depending on diameter and length specifications. The following 

 minimum rules apply to both grades 2 and 3. Sound knots are permitted if 

 diameter of the knot collar (flush with surface of the log) is not more than H of 



log diameter at that point; whorles or grouped knots are allowed if their aggre- 

 gate collar diameters occurring within a 6-inch vertical distance do not exceed 

 ^ of the log diameter at that point; and any number of sound defects of any size 

 are permitted if they can be slabbed off. No unsound internal defect is permitted, 

 and sweep, in inches, must not exceed H d. i. b. at small end of the log. 

 * Unlimited. 



Growth 



Net annual growth. — The change in net volume 

 of sawlimber or growing stock on commercial forest 

 land during a specified year. 



Ingrowth. — The total volume of all trees that 

 during the year or period reach minimum diameter 

 for poletimber (5.0 inches); or for sawtimber (9.0 

 inches for softwoods and 11.0 inches for hardwoods) . 



Mortality 



Mortality of growtng stock. — The net cubic- 

 foot volume removed from growing stock on commer- 

 cial forest land during a specified period through 

 death from natural causes. Also includes the loss 

 of volume from increase in percentage of defect in 

 the trees and stands with advancing age. 



Allowable Cut 



The volume of live sawtimber and poletimber that 

 can be cut during a given period while building up 

 or maintaining sufficient growing stock to nieet 

 specified growth goals. For Methodology see page 23. 



Timber Cut 



Annual cut of growing stock. — The net cubic- 

 foot volume of live sawtimber and poletimber trees 

 cut or killed by logging, or by land clearing and 

 cultural operations, on commercial forest land during 

 a specified year. 



Annual cut of sawtimber. — The net board -foot 

 volume of live sawtimber trees cut or killed by 

 logging, and by land clearing and cultural operations, 

 on commercial forest land during a specified year. 



Timber products output. — The volume of tunber 

 products cut from growing stock and other sources. 



Logging residues. — The net cubic-foot volume of 

 live sawtimber and poletimber trees cut or killed by 

 logging on commercial forest land and not converted 

 to timber products. 



Land clearing and cultural operations. — The 

 net cubic-foot volume of live sawtimber and pole- 

 timber trees cut or killed by land clearing in a 

 specified year and not converted to timber products. 



Minnesota's Forest Resources 



51 



