Figure 28. — Cutting of pulp- 

 wood gii'fs seasonal employment 

 to thousands of men in Minne- 

 sota. Most spruce is cut during 

 the winter months and hauled 

 out oj the sivamps before the 

 spring "breakup," which usually 

 occurs early in April. {Photo 

 courtesy Minnesota y Ontario 

 Paper Co.) 



inUlion cubic feet (1,197,000 cords), although less 

 than half the quantity used at the time of the previous 

 survey, was 42 percent of the cut of all products com- 

 bined (table 23). However, 52.9 miUion cubic feet 

 or 64 percent of the fuelwood was from nongro\vini< 

 stock material such as cull trees, dead trees, and Jijnb- 

 wood (fig. 34). The net removal of growing stock 

 was 29.8 million cubic feet, less than that for either 

 lumber or pulpwood. 



Farmers cut about 70 percent of the fuelwood, using 

 sizeable quantities of dead and defective timber as 

 well as some sound trees of various sizes obtained in 

 connection with land clearing. 



Resort people, loggers, and other forest residents 

 not living on farms cut about 15 percent of the fuel- 

 wood. Sawmills and other wood-using plants pro- 

 duced an equivalent quantity in the form of sawdust, 

 shavings, slabs, edgings, and other mill residues. 



Other Timber Used in Round Form 



About 7,800,000 fence posts were cut by farmers 

 and commercial loggers in 1953. Approximately 80 



percent was cut from farm woodlands. Oak posts 

 made up about 60 percent of the total cut, cedar 

 about 20 percent, tamarack 12 percent, pine, aspen, 

 and miscellaneous species 8 percent. A fairly hisili 

 percentage of the posts was cut from material classed 

 as nongrowing stock such as limbwood, trees less than 

 5 inches in dizuneter at breast height, and dead trees. 



Cutters produced about 136,000 poles in 1953. 

 About 80 percent of the poles was cedar, and 2U 

 percent jack pine, red pine, and tamarack. Most 

 of the poles were small: The cedar averaged about 

 25 feet long with a top diameter of about 5 inches, and 

 pine 35 feet long with a top diameter of 7 inches. 



Of the 7,200 pieces of piling (216,000 linear feet) 

 produced in 1953, about 50 percent was red pine, 46 

 percent jack pine, and the remaining 4 percent white 

 pine, tamarack, and elm. The softwood piling 

 averaged about 30 feet long with a butt diameter 

 of 13 inches and a top diameter of 9 inches. 



Local mines took about 1,893,000 cubic feet of round 

 and split wood. About half was of small log size used 

 for timbers, cribbing, and trestle logs; the other half 

 was smaller pieces used as mine poles and lagging. 



28 



Forest Resource Report No. 13, U. S. Department of Agriculture 



