It also assumes that the Forest Service will not ignore the true volume 

 in trees between 7 and 11 inches d.b.h. by measuring them in the year 

 2040 by the Scribner rule. It is also assumed that the non-growing 

 climax will be liquidated before cutting any of the fast-growing young 

 stands. 



The yields, of course, will not seem as great as predicted, (but the 

 logger will be cutting them) (1) if the Scribner rule is used, (2) if 

 defect is deducted in any large amount- -thrifty second-growth has almost 

 none , and (3) if breakage is deducted. Breakage is a risk the logger 

 runs--it is not loss of volume until he makes the loss. It would be a 

 very small item in thrifty second-growth. 



Primary Stands of Coastal Alaska 



Primary stands are the original forest stands occupying recently exposed 

 land. Uplifting from below sea level and deposition between the main- 

 land and raised longshore bars are believed to be the origin of the 

 Yakutat foreland, an area of recently exposed land supporting a primary 

 stand of about five and one-half billion board feet of commercial 

 timber. The Yakutat foreland is a part of the North Tongass National 

 Forest. One larger area of primary stands, on recently exposed land 

 resulting from glaciation, is within the Glacier Bay National Monument. 

 This area is closed to commercial exploitation but the stands are of 

 silvicultural interest because of a number of smaller areas elsewhere 

 that support commercial forests. 



Early results of a study, currently in progress, indicate that the de- 

 velopment and growth of primary stands differ appreciably from stands 

 succeeding the removal of previous generations of forest. Undeveloped 

 soils of recently exposed lands contain little organic matter, are 

 usually of coarse texture, and because of low cation capacity they have 

 few available nutrients. Forests developing on these soils grow slowly, 

 particularly in their early years. 



Primary stands on raised beaches in the Yakutat area are usually pure 

 Sitka spruce (figs. 15 and 16). Apparently, the original seedbed is 

 more favorable for spruce than for other conifers. A herbaceous under- 

 story develops as natural thinning opens the crown canopy. By a stand 

 age of 100 years the understory Is usually well-developed (fig. 17). 

 Western hemlock also appears in the understory where a seed source is 

 available. Stand development seems to tend toward a spruce-hemlock 

 forest. 



Early vegetation on recently glaciated lands is most commonly cotton- 

 wood or alder stands or stands of mixed brush species. Cottonwood and 

 alder stands are short-lived and soon have an understory of spruce or 

 spruce-hemlock (fig. 18). Young stands with heavy brush competition 



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