64 STUDIES ON APPLES. 
was correspondingly lower than would have been expected from pre- 
ceding and succeeding analyses. On account of the irregularities 
in the starch content of the Bough apples, the last of the curve 
representing the starch content of the composite sample is of little 
value, and the same is true of the curve representing sucrose. On 
the whole it is apparent that the starch content increased until the 
early part of July, after which it steadily decreased. On the other 
hand, the sucrose content increased regularly from the first analysis to 
the full maturity of the fruit. The same is true of the invert sugar. 
Turning now to the succeeding charts (figs. 25 to 28) the curves 
representing the changes of composition of the winter apples are 
again found to be more satisfactory than in the case of the summer 
apples. Owing to the more uniform ripening of this fruit and the 
consequent greater uniformity attained in the selection of samples, 
the curves are much more regular. The maximum content of starch 
in winter apples was attained on August 18, at least a month later than 
in the case of the summer apples just considered. After reaching the 
maximum starch content the sucrose increased. more rapidly than 
before and maintained a fairly rapid increase until the apples were 
fully matured. The content of invert sugar, total sugar, total carbo- 
hydrate, and total solids remained reasonably constant from the first 
analysis to the full maturity of the fruit. 
In the series of plattings indicated by the star after the date of 
analysis (figs. 25, 27, and 28), the analyses were calculated to the 
weight of the largest average weight of apples received up to the time 
when analyzed, as the sample received consisted of smaller apples. 
As in the case of the summer apples duplicate samples were taken, 
one of which was subjected to analysis immediately on its receipt in 
the laboratory, the other being placed in a refrigerator and allowed to 
stand for some time before it was examined. Owing to the press of 
other work, however, examinations of these subsamples were not made. 
In figure 29 are given representative results obtained by Lindet 
which illustrate somewhat more clearly the change of composition of 
apples during ripening than does the tabular form in which they were 
given by the author. The apples were of cider varieties. The results 
as given by him were entirely on the original composition of the apples. 
The content of water was not given, and for the calculation of the fig- 
ures here given a total solid content of 20 per cent was assumed. 
While this is probably not entirely correct, it can not be greatly dif- 
ferent from the true amount. One interesting feature of Lindet’s 
work was the storage in the dark of a portion of the samples analyzed 
at each picking. The temperature at which the apples were stored is 
not given. Lindet did not appear to observe the more rapid ripening 
of the immature fruit, and that fact was not apparent in the table of 
composition which he published. The graphic representation here 
