STORAGE, RESPIRATION, AND GROWTH. 3l 
queatly with reference to immature fruit (see page 52). It is greatly 
to be regretted that this study was not begun at an earlier date, when 
the apples were less mature. Apparently they had reached, or per- 
haps passed, the maximum starch content before the first sample was 
secured, and a complete study of the life history of the fruit of course 
could not be made with the material taken. Certain irregularities 
in these results are due to the fact that the apples were grown at some 
distance from Washington, and two or three days elapsed from the 
time they were picked until they were used in analysis, these condi- 
tions not haying been sufliciently understood when the work was 
begun. Further information on this subject is found on page 50. 
The acid content of the apple (on the percentage basis) decreased per- 
ceptibly throughout the experiment. 
The foregoing comments on Rhode Island Greening apples are 
equally applicable to the results on the Northern Spy and the Wine- 
sap apples, platted in figures 2 and 3. The similarity of the curves 
representing the content of each ingredient is strikingly brought out 
in figure 4, in which the three varieties are compared. 
For further comparison with these results those obtained by Dr. 
C. A. Browne, jr.,“ on Baldwin apples have been calculated to total 
solids and are presented in graphic form in figure 5. The results 
obtained by Kulisch,? who worked with apples stored at cellar temper- 
ature, have also been recalculated, using an assumed total solid basis 
of 17 per cent, and the results are presented graphically in figure 6. 
It will be noted that in all respects the results of Browne and of 
Kulisch are analogous to those obtained in this Bureau. Doctor 
Browne’s experiment, however, was begun with apples in a more 
immature state than was the case with the work done in the Bureau of 
Chemistry, and for that reason more complete results were obtained, 
although his first examination also was made after the point of maxi- 
mum starch content was passed. The work of Kulisch was carried on 
with two samples of apples of the same variety from the same orchard, 
but picked from different trees. His results show what wide varia- 
tions in chemical composition may occur in fruit of the same variety 
grown under the same cultural conditions but on different trees. 
THE RIPENING OF APPLES IN COLD STORAGE. 
Late in August, 1902, an experimental export shipment was made 
of early-picked Ben Davis and Winesap apples from southern Illinois 
for the purpose of determining whether it would be profitable to place 
these apples on the London market so early in the season. The fruit 
had been picked About August 15. Some weeks later samples of both 
— 
@ Pa. State Dept. of Agr., Bul. No. 58. 
6 Landw. Jahrb., 1892, 21: 871. 
