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STUDIES ON APPLES. 
WEAKENING OF CELL WALLS AND INCREASE OF INTERCELLULAR AIR. 
During the fall of 1901, in the course of the examination of certain 
varieties, the intercellular air in the flesh of the fruit seemed to 
increase constantly. This led to the making of some determinations 
of the specific gravity of apples at different periods. The only tests, 
however, which were made during the first season’s work, were carried 
out in December. The next summer and autumn a number of esti- 
mations were made at different stages in the growth and maturity of 
the fruit, the results showing that the specific gravity diminishes to 
the extent of 2 to 5 per cent. The results given, however, are the 
average specific gravities of from two to four specimens, and toward 
the latter part of the experiment it became apparent that the results 
would have possessed more value if a larger number of specimens had 
been used. In determining this factor the entire apple was used, and 
hence is not to be considered as representing the exact specific gravity 
of the flesh, though comparisons made for the purpose of this work 
showed that the results were only shghtly below that of the flesh when 
taken alone. The results of this work are tabulated in Table X. 
TABLE X.—WSpecific gravity of whole fruit. 
L yO : 
Serial : 
Se ey ra Date of Specifie 
mee Variety. analysis. gravity. 
23667 | Baldwin FE te aah Se a Te te ee os Os Hat ouoas Dec. 10,1901 0. 823 
536704|' Tonathan 2s. . 2. 2UtUs ole os Pec a ee ee eee ee | ene doe ckewcs 799 
290221A\ York Tmperial)/: Cats Susteis. soci on eine ne ere eee ee July 22, 1902 938 
D5219 NW MGriNIes (2b a NE a tes REE Sh sy ee |e GOES G Se 8506 
23069 4 NOrth ern: Sp yrs 8 ee eee cae cee cee See eeiceee See Ee eee eee eee eas Dee. 10,1901 802 
23668") Rhode Island: Gmreempip a. 32 0 a. ee cases te eee oe ee ae ee ees dossces 823 
23658"|) ROMND VISES ee ee eS eae RN DO Vg plats at Ry ea done 753 
QOZLSn eee ne (6 Ka yee ee Ie a eerste OS Na ee ee aN ee od oe July 22,1902 . 823 
LT26" | WWAMOSAID icin hohe OSE SA See Scare re SAS e era tare ar So ee a Oct.” “751902 8529 
L658 |e oe oe CC (a Re ne Ree I Ue eR Ee MR OS A eh Sa eh ry Ses Nov. 18, 1902 . 8284 
U2149y 22 eee GO SEF se Be eS Se EAD aE Fo ee a Jan. 20,1903 . 8726 
DPA a GOs see oA tee Re eo See Se Eee UO ea . 8480 
11.20|-RhodeAlsland, Greenimgys,...252:52 se; oe oe see oe ee eee ee eee eee Sept. 15, 1902 . 8337 
MD Tiel eel GO isc aa hs SRE Se I ee SE Se Rd Sa Oe eee One Oct 7, 1902 . 8297 
NIN epee ONS ae en a Se eR EES ea Np RH lg eg ane ee Noy. 18, 1902 . 8272 
20210 | Base GO) oie ee ee EE Re SR hla ae ne Jan. 15,1908 S083 
PA ai Koj. | te te (0 V0 Yeeeah Oe a ere ee ere Oni eee Li Mads Dek Lorie: Ge Re ate Jan. 28,1903 7994 
LI22 |) Northern! S py sac nec Sk oe ee 5 ee ee ee ee Sept. 15, 1902 8513 
L239 eee CO: scien cet oe Se ok BS ten ee Oct 7, 1902 $275 
Ua eee OO). conn eek ee eee ee aes Nov. 18, 1902 S092 
©1146 OM DAVIS: So jeco epee ee ee eee ae a ee Oct. 23,1902 . 7588 
Dot Re ee (1 ee rey ones ae ete See Per Per eo oe nee eke Novy. 18, 1902 7832 
II7{0) | | ee O25 Fe ei od ot hon, ee Rr ee doce 7890 
rs Bi: 7 Ft Nee GO). ve c8 cones cd Be ae no aes Laren Oct. 23,1902 7T7D4 
PANG oS See GO wis scn Se SS ed es BAe ee ee Jan. 20,1903 | . 7722 
DNAS ee eee GO oF eee ote eee eee ee een oe | Oct. 23,1902 . 7919 
DOU! sears 6 (0 nn a ee mneneee CRU Se aise oo AR dt Jone aos oe seo oe ote Jan. 20,1908 . 7961 
iD | sos OO oe iciene bin So ies oe Se ee ae ce Nov. 18, 1902 | 7799 
QOD |= cm ae CLO wae mjattinsln oe ab see spice cle e oe ee ae eee are ee Jan. 28,1903 | 7698 
887 |....- 6 (0 nie et eevee tals Spcte lS Sa Gin OP ee pee oie aha he tact es oie Feb. 19, 1903 | 7120 
FO eee (6 (0 nee Sa eee ene ROR REM le Ee St ee eS ah eg ree a Ge Mar. 3, 19038 7680 
@:3803>'|\. 32... GOs. kee oe teee Ee ee ee ere Mar. 18, 1903 7A31 
44494 |..... Oran Bsc PEE a os ae eye eatin wren Ce tee ee oe eee re Mar. 30,1903 | 7736 
1 Ay pl aa Ge osc: od See is le Ss Oe Fe ee | Apr. 15,1903 | 7684 
M5915 |...--. Oe wale aioe shape onus 08 uelal erence cre cen tere Oe eT ee ane Apr. 29, 1903 | 7685 
rea Eel lan eae DOs. ean Sean sae ee ese tl ce fr oe ee ene eee eee May 12,1903 7732 
Les | ees rhe CLO Sete nia wean Sha tli mle hwo ws MINS leone OO eee eT Jan. 28,1903 7507 
aa a ee LL Ss cise a talc a orcas AMIN alge ae Re es ee na nn Mar. 38,1903 | TADS 
CABZO a: so CLO oaks cate Sosre sc pve whe Cal's 6 lay te IE Re PO nce et nee ee Mar. 31, 1903 | 7645 
e6914 |..4.. 0 a AR pe pee ey Se eee Oe ieet eee ers pee ee Apr. 29,1903 | 7703 
62500 |e 0 ae GO Sree Ste Me wise nw Wie Sin wk ie a elke ok De eR May 26,1908 | 7529 
a Pieked August 15. 
» Picked september 15, 
¢ Pieked September 15-20, 
¢Used in respiration experiment, cellar temperature, 
e Used in respiration experiment, cold-storage temperature, 
