96 STUDIES ON APPLES. 
WINTER PARADISE (PLATE II). 
The samples of this variety examined August 17 indicated by the 
amount of starch present that ripening had already begun. The starch 
had nearly all gone from the core wedges, but the torus flesh was heavily 
charged with it. On September 24 the starch had practically disap- 
peared from within the core line, and there was a marked diminution 
in that of the torus flesh, especially in the oval zones. On October 15 
most of the starch had disappeared, though some still persisted in the 
region of the V-zones and fibrovascular bundles of the outer portion. 
On October 23 only a trace of starch could be found, except in bruised 
spots, and by the end of the month it had all disappeared. 
From the starch content it would appear that the ripening period of 
the Winter Paradise begins about August 15, and is ended by the last 
week of October, unless kept under special conditions of storage. 
Since the ripening of the core region is practically completed before 
the changes in the starchy portions of the torus flesh begin, the ripen- 
ing may be divided into two fairly distinct steps. In the Winter 
Paradise the first period of ripening extended from about August 15 
to about the middle of September, and the second period from that 
time to the last part of October. 
BEN DAVIS (PLATE III). 
On August 17 the fruit presented an even dense deposit of starch 
throughout all parts of the flesh. On September 24 the starch had 
begun to decrease. It was most pronounced in the core wedges, and 
a very slight decrease in the density of color produced with iodin was 
noticeable in certain parts of the torus flesh. When examined again, 
on October 23, a decided change was found to have occurred during 
the preceding month, and only small amounts of starch remained in the 
V-zones and the periphery, and a week later, on October 30, no starch 
at all remained. 
In the Ben Davis the ripening season is rather short, setting in 
about the middle of September and being completed about the last of 
October. 
HUNTSMAN (PLATE Iv). 
The first fruit in this series was examined August 17, at which time 
the ripening apparently had not begun, unless perhaps very slightly, 
as there seemed to be small amounts of starch in the inner portions 
of the ‘‘core wedges.” However, it is usually true that there is less 
starch in the core wedges than elsewhere, even in the green fruit. 
On September 24 the iodin test showed the starch to be nearly all 
gone from the core region. ‘Traces still remained in the tissues flank- 
ing the carpel seams within the core flesh. A decrease was also 
