41 



The arboretuins in which European elms were largely growing; but 

 there was still their earlier occurrence at Eye, N. Y., to be explained. 

 We therefore wrote to Mr. Fremd, June 26, to ascertain whether there 

 were any European elms in his vicinity and whether the insects had 

 increased, and received promptly the following very satisfactory reply : 



I am just in receipt of yours, and will answer at once. At the time I wrote to 

 you, in 1884, regarding the elm louse, I had several hundred of European elms in the 

 nursery, and there are also quite a number of large trees, etc., in a number of 

 lawns about Rye. The louse has disappeared from our trees altogether, how I don't 

 know. * * * 



The probable reason for the disappearance of the insects with Mr. 

 Fremd was his use of the kerosene emulsion in 1884, as he wrote us 

 under date of June 22, 1884, that he had used a weak emulsion and 

 was about to try a stronger one. This leads us to Mr. Jack's statement 

 that whale-oil soap with keros°ne was successfully tried against the 

 old scales on the trunks and larger limbs in the Arnold arboretum, but 

 those upon the smaller limbs escaped. He did not know the strength 

 of the solution. 



This finding of Gossyparia ulmi upon American elms and upon Euro- 

 pean elms in this country was quite to be expected, and the only won- 

 der is that it has not been found and recognized before. The species 

 of Coccidae have already extremely wide ranges, and every season still 

 further extends them. Of our admitted North American Ooccid fauna 

 twenty-three species are of European origin (one more doubtfully so), 

 three are from Australia and New Zealand, while sixty-nine are either truly 

 North American or their original home is unknown. As several of these 

 are found only on hot-house plants, they are certainly not North Amer- 

 ican. Several others are found on both native and imported plants and 

 there are no data upon which to decide upon their proper faunal posi- 

 tion. The fact that the Gossyparia prefers American elms at Cambridge 

 is by no means without precedent in the group, and as another instance 

 it may be mentioned that the beautiful oak-scale Asterodiaspis quercicola 

 (Bouche), recognized by Comstock in 1880 upon foreign oaks on the De- 

 partment of Agriculture grounds, is at the present time to be found al- 

 most solely upon American oaks in the same grove. 



Since the completion of this article Professor Comstock has written 

 us that he had himself recently decided that this insect is the European 

 Gossyparia ulmi, and states that last winter he found it abundant upon 

 elms in Saxony. He also states that it has been sent him by Mr. Henry 

 Edwards from New York City, and by Dr. Lintner from Marlborough, 

 N. Y. Mr. Edwards informs us by letter that his New York specimens 

 were obtained from English elms of three years' growth. 



