158 



again largely from Miss Ormerod, is almost sufficient to turn one against 

 beef altogether. 



" The Effect of the Warbles in the Dairy " is the title of an interesting 

 article by T. D. Curtis, in which the loss in the quantity of the flow of 

 milk, as well as its deterioration in quality, resulting from the annoy- 

 ance of the animals by the flies while the latter are depositing eggs 

 and later by the grubs, is very conclusively shown, and he estimates the 

 shrinkage at 10 per cent, and the loss in quality at the same rate, mak- 

 ing a total of 20 per cent. 



There is finally a discussion of remedies, including those employed in 

 England and in this country, and the expression of a wish that the Di- 

 vision of Entomology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture should take 

 up the investigation, with a view of clearing up such points as may yet 

 be obscure both as to the life history of the insect and the means against 

 it. We shall take up these points more fully in our future remarks. 



Fig. 26.— Portion of inside of tanned warbled hide (after Ormerod.) 



We have recently received from Miss Ormerod a leaflet of eight pages, 

 dated September, 1889, entitled "Notes on 'Licked-Beef ' aud < Jelly' 

 and Injury to Hides from Attacks of Ox Warble- fly, or Bot-fly," Hypo- 

 derma bovis, DeGeer, supplemented by correspondence, in which is de- 

 scribed very fully the condition of the beef resulting from grub attack, 

 commonly known as " licked-beef " or "jelly " from the supposition gen- 

 erally held that the loosening of the hide and the discoloration aud in- 

 flammation of the subcutaneous flesh about the grubby places, and also 

 the frothy or jelly-like appearance of the flesh, results in part from the 

 licking by the animal of such places. Letters from butchers are quoted, 

 giving further details of the exact nature of the injury and the amount 

 of depreciation in value of the beef. 





