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before they are in full leaf can be easily removed, and in this way the 
finer trees can be protected. he eggs are also removed in the late 
autumn and winter, as they are very conspicuous. 
Vanessaand Grapta sp. are sometimes very abundant, and are collected 
and destroyed as soon as discovered. Cecropia and Hacles are always 
abundant and on many of the smaller trees do much damage. These 
are hand-picked and destroyed. 
Alypia octomaculata is one of our most troublesome caterpillars, the 
great abundance of Ampelopsis vines in the parks, and especially around 
it, covering ‘“‘squatter sovereignty” houses, affords congenial food for its 
rapid propagation. In the parks the vines are twice annually treated 
with a solution of London purple, applied with a spraying machine. 
This is found most effective and the vines do not seem to be injured as 
easily as most plants by the arsenites. 
The Elm Beetle, Galeruca xanthomelena, has given us an immense 
amount of trouble, and many thousand trees have been sprayed each 
year for their destruction, and with good effect. The means we have 
adopted during the past three years is rather more in the preventive 
line. As soon as the first eggs are found that part of the tree is at 
once sprayed. Iam inclined to think the Elm Beetle is double-brooded 
with us. 
The Elm Borer, Zeuzera pyrina, is getting to be very destructive with 
us, already twelve species of trees and shrubs are affected by it, and 
during the past year two men were kept during May at collecting the 
larve from broken branches. All branches as soon as detected in a 
weak or broken state are removed and the larve extracted. In very 
choice trees the limbs are carefully examined and where holes can be 
found bisulphuret of carbon is put in with an oil can and putty put over 
the hole. This is only resorted to in the case of rare trees and shrubs. 
For scale insects the trees are washed with preparations and then 
cleaned with steel brushes, leaving all in fine condition. Many thou- 
sand trees and shrubs have in this way been put in fair condition. 
A large number of poisons have been experimented with for Aphis 
and other insects, due notice of which will be given in reports soon to 
be published. 
The spraying machine used by the department of public parks is a 
two-barrel machine manufactured by the Nixon Nozzle Company, Nixon, 
Illinois. This machine, to better adapt it for city work, has been en- 
tirely remodeled. A set of strong cab wheels, with a strong axle, was 
first made, then a pair of strong easy springs, so as to make the tank 
less liable to jars. The tank was lined with zine entire, and on top of 
the tank was placed a well about a foot high to keep the liquid from 
flushing over. On the rear of the tank was placed a box for poisons, 
hose, etc., and on the front a box for coats, lunches, and collecting cases 
and botties. On one side of the machine and running nearly to the 
horse’s breast was placed the bamboo pole used to elevate the hose, 
