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eorrect. We hope that you will Keep us informed as to further developments. We 
regret that you have been unable to have the rafts removed. 
The crustacean which you call a shrimp is probably the freshwater prawn of the 
Mississippi River, Palemon chionis. I can not surmise the cause of its mortality.— 
[October 3, 1891.] : 
The Horn-fly in Kentucky. 
I wish to report the presence with us this season, for the first time in injurious 
numbers, of the Horn-fly. All catile feeders in my vicinity have noticed the unusual 
numbers of smal] flies on their cattle during the sammer and our attention was more 
particularly directed to them when our cattle on delivery weighed from 100 to 150 
pounds less per head than they should. In fact, in three months’ grazing our catile 
have not gained over 50 pounds per head, whereas they should have gained that 
much each month. In your 1889 report you do not seem to speak very favorably of 
kerosene emulsion. Whyis this? Do you doubt its effects being sufficiently lasting 
or would you anticipate any ill effects upon the animals from its use? [f it would 
answer the purpose I think it could be more readily applied from a knapsack sprayer 
than other preparations, and then, too, the ingredients could be readily obtained by 
every handler of cattle. I still have some catile and the flies are as bad as ever.— 
[P. T. Henshaw, Oldham County, Ky., August 20, 1891. 
ReEPLY.—You are mistaken in supposing that I do not believe that the kerosene 
emulsion will be a good substance to apply to cattle. I am quite of the opinion that 
where they can be treated by means of a knapsack sprayer with this substance, 
about twice a week, the flies will be Kept from the cattle and the resulting loss of 
fiesh and diminution in milk will be to a large extent avoided. * * *—[August 
24, 1891.] 
Non-migratory Locust Devastations in Nevada. 
I take the liberty of sending specimens of the grasshoppers which have been very 
destructive over a certain region of desert country where the few fertile margins of 
streams are cultivated for grain, hay, and fruit. Grain growing during the winter 
months and ripening early in May escapes the hoppers, who do not hatch ont till 
May. They then destroy the summer crops, consisting chiefly of alfalfa (here called 
lucerne) and fruits—grapes, pomegranates, figs, pears, and almonds, being the chief 
fruiis. 
It would long ago have been a region of importance for exporting these fruits if 
the hoppers had not devastated it continually for a long term of years. I send these 
specimens and this description in the hope that your entomologist may be able to 
suggest some practicable chemical means of destruction. Any substance that could 
be conveyed on the irrigating streams so as to reach every portion of the crop, and. 
would not injure vegetation, such as the hydrocarbon compounds, might be made 
the vehicle of conveying the destructive agent, if such can*.be found. Purely 
mechanical means are scarcely practicable on a large field. I have tried the Cali- 
fornia remedy of arsenic with flour and sugar in a paste, and can not say what it 
would doif genuine. The 10 pounds of arsenic I tried did not kill any hoppers; I 
think it was simply a swindle, the merchant sending four and lime instead of arsenic. 
These grasshoppers are everyway local and never migrate; they will be many years 
spreading over a few miles of country, as for instance, the neighboring valley of the 
Muddy, the lowest settlement, has had them now 22 years without intermission. 
Some years they were not guite so thick, other years thick enough to eat off the 
grapevines three times during the summer and the leaves off all the cottonwoods, se 
thai big trees would dry up. They ate the alfalfa clear to the ground, while the 
other towns in the valley, from 7 to 30 miles off, had none of the hoppers, or so few 
that they did no harm. This season they have spread over all the valley. I hada 
vineyard of 10 acres—10,000 vines—at St. Thomas. If the hoppers had been absent 
it would have yielded annually 5,000 to 8,000 gallons of wine; as it was it has yielded 
less than the amount of State taxes paid on the land, and I could only find tenants 
by reason of a dwelling-house being on the place. 
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