193 
make use of the bag paper, nor have all individuals of rubiginosus 
learned the labor-saving trick, as I repeatedly saw them during the 
summer still gathering fibers of wood from fence posts and boards after 
their time-honored fashion. 
THE METHODS OF PUPATION AMONG THE CHALCIDIDZ. 
By L. O. Howarp. 
As arule Chalcidid larve which are internal feeders on their hosts 
transform internally into naked, more or less coarctate pupe. 
With certain Encyrtine, for one of which Dr. Riley has proposed the 
excellent descriptive name of the “ inflating chalcis-fly,” particularly of 
the genus Copidosoma, but also of Bothriothorax, Homalotylus, and per- 
haps others, the larve inhabiting poy 
the host insect in great numbers, 
when about to pupate, cause a 
marked inflation in the host larva 
by the formation of oval cells 
around the parasite. This inflation Fia. 16.—Larva of Lithocolletis, which has been in 
and the pupal cells which cause it fested by Copidosoma, enlarged (original). 
are very noticeable in thin-skinned host larve. With a small larva like 
that of Lithocolletis the appearance of a string of dipterous puparia is 
produced, as shown in Fig. 16. The nature of this cocoonlike cell and 
the method by which it is produced are unknown. Its structure shows 
it not to be silk, nor yet 
the last larval skin of the 
parasite, and whether it 
is an adventitious tissue 
of the host larva or a 
secretion of the parasite 
orisexplicable upon other 
grounds I can not say. 
It is a point for some ex- 
hx oS Se] ~SCépert-histologist to decide 
Fig. 17.—Coccinellid larva infested by Homalotylus obscurus, with fresh material, which 
. SET ECL peru |) is not at hand at present. 
An example of one of the inflating parasites in a thick-skinned host 
larva is shown in Fig. 17. Itis a Coccinellid larva infested with Homa- 
lotylus obscurus m. The outlines of the parasitic cells are not so evident 
as in the previous figure, but the host larva is very distorted and evi- 
dently contains these cells. 
Species parasitic upon endophytous larve, and therefore feeding 
