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conclusion referred to in INsEcT LiFe (11, 207), to the effect that’ the 
larve do not puncture the skin on hatching from the egg, but are licked 
by the cattle, swallowed and lodged in the back of the mouth, or 
cesophagus, from which point they travel through the csophagus and 
then through the subcutaneous connective tissue to some convenient 
point on the back of the animal, where they bore through the skin to 
the outside and form their characteristic cysts. Dr. Curtice adduces a 
great deal of evidence in support of this conclusion, and we have already 
expressed our views on the subject. The paper is well illustrated by 
figures prepared under Dr. Curtice while he was connected with the 
Bureau of Animal Industry and which have been loaned to him by the 
Director of the Bureau, Dr. Salmon. We shall not consider in detail 
the evidence which Dr. Curtice brings forward, but hope to do it soon 
at some length in a paper upon certain (Estride which has for some 
time been ready for publication, as we were much interested in the sub- 
ject and have taken particular pains to verify the fact that our common 
Ox Warble is H. lineata. 
A Careful Study of the Hessian Fly.—_We have received from our cor- 
respondent, Mr. Fred. Enock, a brochure entitled **The Life History 
of the Hessian Fly,” which is extracted from the Transactions of the 
Entomological Society of London, Part, 1891. We have been familiar 
for sometime with Mr. Enock’s careful studies of this important pest, 
and are therefore not surprised at the close research exhibited in this 
paper. It is the most important contribution to our knowledge of the 
Hessian Fly which has been published of late years, and the facts 
which it details can not but prove valuable to the practical side of the 
investigation. Mr. Enock agrees with us that the Hessian Fly was 
present in England in barley fields long before it was discovered in 
1886 and announced as a new pest. His observations cover particu- 
larly studies of the eggs, larve, pupz, and parasites. He has shown 
by examination, observation, and counting that the number of eggs 
deposited by a single female varies from 100 to 150, instead of from 80 
to less than 100 as stated by Wagner. He has made a series of most 
careful observations upon the use of the **anchor process” or ** breast- 
bone” of the larva in turning about within the puparium. In the course 
of the investigation of this particular point he has spent many hours 
watching the living insects under the microscope. He has followed the 
insect from egg to adult with great care, and found that in one instance 
it took sixty-three days. He has made careful observations upon the 
climbing powers of the pupa, and has observed the insect in this stage 
to cut its way through the leaf sheath by means of the chitinous beak 
upon its head and work its way out until the leg sheaths were free, the 
abdomen being held in the orifice. Satisfactory tests were made to see 
whether the females would reproduce parthenogenetically, but with 
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