303 
Fr. Brauer as Hypoderma bonassi in 1875 (Verhandl. der K. K. Zool. Bot. 
Gesellsch. in Wien, 1875, p. 75, pl. Iv, Figs 2, 2*) from the larva only, 
specimens of which had been received from Dr. H. A. Hagen, of Cam- 
bridge, obtained in Colorado by Mr. J. A. Allen, from the American 
Bison or Buffalo. Mr. Allen found it comparatively rare on the Buffalo, 
his specimens having been obtained from one individual of many exam- 
ined. Clark in his “ Essay,” etc., 1815 (pp. 37 and 72), considered it a 
variety of bovis, and later, 1843, as the male of bovis. Dr. Brauer has 
shown it to be a distinct species, but its host relations were not 
established until 1890. On the authority of the observations of Win- 
nertz, Brauer, in his monograph mentioned as the probable hosts the 
cow and sheep. All doubts on this point were, however, dispelled by 
the observations of the late Dr. Adam Handlirsch independent of, and 
later in connection with, Dr. Brauer, and detailed in Dr. Brauer’s recent 
ecmmunication.* 
In 1888 Dr. Handlirsch took adults of this insect in a field in which 
cattle were pastured, and in 1889 Handlirsch, while in company with 
Dr. Brauer, found a puparium in a cow pasture, which was smaller than 
the puparium of bovis, resembling somewhat that of H. diana, and he 
also took adults of lineata in the same pasture. This puparium, how- 
ever, upon comparison, was found to agree entirely with the larve ob- 
tained from the American bison referred to above. 
Again, in 1890, Brauer, in company with a brother of Dr. Handlirsch, 
visited the same region and obtained some larve from the backs of 
cattle, one of which belonged to bovis and three to lineata. The lar- 
ve referred to lineata, obtained from cattle by Brauer, differ in no 
wise from the larve obtained from the American bison, and the pupa- 
rium mentioned also presents a full agreement with the characters of 
this larva. The adults of lineata taken in Europe also agree in every 
particular with those received from the United States. Both these 
species of Hypoderma oceur, on the authority of Brauer, throughout 
Europe, having been found in Switzerland, Norway, Crimea, the Bal- 
kans, the Caucasus, England, Lower and Upper Austria,ete. In Styria 
and Hungary, however, he found only Hypoderma bovis. These species 
not only occur very commonly throughout the regions named, but fre- 
quently on the same animal. 
Whether lineata is of European or American origin remains to be de- 
termined. In North America Brauer quotes it from Texas and on Wil- 
liston’s authority as ranging to Arizona and Northern California, while 
in 1853 Walker described it from Nova Scotia as Gistrus supplens. It 
is possible that it was originally the bot of our native buffalo. Its com- 
parative rarity on the bison, however, and its great abundance on do- 
* Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft 
in Wien. Wien, 1890, p.509. ‘‘ Ueber die Feststellung des Wohnthieres der Hypoderma 
lineata Villers durch Dr, Adam Handlirsch und andere Untersuchungen und Beob- 
achtungen an Oestriden.” 
