309 
normal one for our species, and it gives a significance to the habit 
which cattle have, when attacked, of running to and standing in water. 
The strongest objections hitherto, in my own mind, to considering the 
habit of entering the animal as here described, the normal one, have been 
the following: First, the fact that the young larva found in the 
esophagus or muscular tissue has been a very smooth larva, a charac- 
teristic which seems inconsistent with the power of clinging to the 
tongue or penetrating the lining of the esophagus; secondly, the long 
period from the time the egg is taken into the mouth, 7. ¢., in the spring, 
to the time of the presence of the larva as observed by Dr. Curtice in 
the passages, as described, this being during the months of December 
and January. The figures of the embryonic larva, or first larva from 
the egg (see Fig. 44¢), will show at once, however, that this newly- 
hatched larva is provided with a number of spinous points which admira- 
bly fit it for clinging to the tongue or to the roof of the mouth, while 
the peculiar arrangement of the stronger anal hooks is admirably 
adapted to penetrating the walls of the esophageal passages. Now 
such a spiny creature would undoubtedly cause an undue amount of 
inflammation in penetrating and wandering through the animal’s tis- 
sues; and we find, therefore, that upon the very first molt it loses 
these spines and becomes almost entirely smooth, with the exception 
of some minute spines around the anal portion. The movement of 
this young larva in the body of the animal must be extremely slow, 
and its development still slower, or perhaps for a time entirely re- 
tarded. The most cursory examination of this larva in this smooth 
second stage, however, shows that the skin is underlaid with numer- 
ous and extremely well-developed muscular bands, which must mate- 
rially help it to push its way through the tissues, however slowly. 
In reference to the second point, while it seems at first sight strange 
that there should be this slow development during the nine or ten 
mouths of its wandering life, we have positive evidence that such is 
the fact in the case already recorded in INSECT LIFE, Vol. 1, pp. 2338-9. 
Here the extensive wandering in a child of a grub which was doubt- 
fully referred to Hypoderma diana is given by Dr. Elizabeth R. Kane, 
of Kane, McKean County, Pa. The case occurred in the practice of 
Dr. Sylvanus D. Freeman, of Smethport, McKean County, Pa., who, on 
the 22d of February, 1889, had been called to attend a child which was 
supposed to be suffering from erysipelas. The child was a boy 3 or 4 
years old, and suffered sufficient pain to prevent his sleeping at night, 
the cause being attributed to something working under the skin. This 
worm, or what the mother called a ‘“pollywog,” had been first noticed 
five months before, being then under the skin near the sternal end of 
the right clavicle, and it had, in the five months, traveled up and down 
the chest in front, down one arm to the elbow and over one side of the 
back. It was only toward the time at which Dr. Freeman had been 
called in that the serious annoyance had been caused. I was not suf- 
