317 
and where it contracts, hardens, and darkens in color. In a few weeks 
afterward the perfect fly issues. 
That such is the normal and invariable life-history of Hypoderma 
lineata, I think there can no longer be a doubt, and the burden of proof 
of any departure from it will rest hereafter with those who contend 
otherwise. That the remarkable life-history of such a well known in- 
sect, and one which does so much injury to our cattle interests, should | 
have remained so many years unknown, is only another illustration of 
the fact that we have yet much to learn of our commonest species. 
That this life-history of Hypoderma lineata will be fruitful in bring- 
ing to light the actual facts in reference to the European Hypoderma 
bovis there can be little doubt. The unity of habitin the same genus, 
the structure of the egg, as already known, of Hypoderma bovis, and the 
fact that nothing definite is yet known of the earlier larval stages or 
the mode of oviposition, ali convince me that this species will be 
found in Europe to have a precisely similar life-history. I would call 
upon those who read INSECT LIFE and who have occasion to make 
observations to endeavor, in the light of what is here recorded and of 
what Dr. Curtice has already written, to obtain the facts in reference 
to Hypoderma bovis. 
THE RAVAGES OF THE LEOPARD MOTH IN BROOKLYN. 
By Nicouas PIKE, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Fic. 56.—The Leopard Moth: a, larva, dorsal view; b, larva, side view; c, male moth; d, female 
moth; e, larval burrow—natural size (original). 
The appearance of the Zeuzera pyrina or Leopard Moth was first 
observed by me about tive years ago. A number of Maple trees near 
