323 
The locusts found further north have consisted of several species, most of which are 
known as sedentary; that is, not ordinarily migratory. But one of them, namely, the 
Pellucid Locust (Camnula pellucida), is the species that has already done much dam- 
age, and is one of the Pacific migratory forms. Commencing in Idaho it has been 
gradually working eastward, and is now found in portions of Montana, North Dakota, 
Wyoming, and western Nebraska. The gradual eastward spread and increase of this 
species deserves attention, but so far as the reports go it has nowhere been sufficiently 
numerous to justify alarm. 
The true Rocky Mountain Locust, the species which we most have to fear (Calop- 
tenus spretus), was found in considerable numbers in North Dakota and Minnesota, in 
some counties proving quite destructive, but owing to vigorous measures which have 
been adopted, especially in Minnesota by the State authorities, chiefly under the direc- 
tion of Prof. Otto Lugger, of the Minnesota Experiment Station, they have been very 
largely destroyed, and there is little probability that they will spread extensively 
from the localities in which they now occur. The destructive species most commonly 
found in southwest Kansas was the Differential Locust (Caloptenus differentialis). It 
has devastated the alfalfa fields in the irrigated territory along the Arkansas River 
for a distance of some 50miles. This is a widespread species east of the Rocky Moun- 
tains, occurring all over the country, and. it is one of the species which acquires the 
power of extended flight only in very dry seasons and under certain favorable condi- 
tions. Ordinarily the female is too heavy-bodied and short-winged to become migra- 
tory. Thereis no fear of widespread injury from this species. The accounts from 
southwest Texas have been very greatly exaggerated, and little injury could be found 
by the agent sent there. The species were also those indigenous to the region and not 
of a migratory form that had come from other parts. The reports from Ohio and from 
some of the other Eastern States, though not investigated particularly, need not con- 
cern us, because they are known to be based upon the undue multiplication of some 
of the indigenous Eastern species, which never acquire the destructive powers of the 
Western migratory forms. 
On the whole, therefore, it is safe to conclude that while there are several localities 
where locusts have been more or less destructive and required attention, there is no 
cause for widespread alarm and no reason to believe that any general injury will result 
POS. ee 
EARLY PUBLISHED REFERENCES TO SOME OF OUR INJURIOUS 
INSECTS. II. 
By F. M. WEBSTER, Columbus, Ohio. 
Of the present known insect pests of the wheat field, indigenous to 
this country, there are very few that were not known as such during 
the first three decades of the presentcentury. The Joint Worm, [sosoma 
hordei, was observed in its destructive work long before mentioned by 
either Harris or Fitch. Mr. James Worth, of Sharon, Bucks County, 
Pa., observed the larve in 1821,* and not only these but other wheat 
stem-burrowing larvee, one of which infested volunteer: wheat. The 
adult of one species, probably the Joint Worm, was reared as early as 
1823 by Mr. Joseph E. Muse, of Cambridge, E. 8., Maryland, who sup- 
posed it to belong to the genus Tenthredo.t Myr. Worth says one of the 
* American Farmer, Vol. 4, p. 394. 
t Loe. cit., Vol. 5, p. 113. 
