The Northern States are mainly occupied by hardwood growths, with 
conifers intermixed, sometimes the latter becoming entirely dominant, 
as in the spruce forests of Maine, New Hampshire, or the Adirondacks, 
and here and there in the pineries of Michigan, Wisconsin, and 
Minnesota, or in the hemlock regions of Pennsylvania and New York. 
A very rough and probably very liberal estimate of the amounts of 
timber standing in the various regions ready for the axe would give the 
following figures: 
FEET, B. M. 
Southern y States es clee eee eer eae a oan aa ee UP aT ni 700,000,000,000 
INOrEN ETS bates ccc tees ste ee es etn len oe 500,000,000,000 
PA CIA Ce GODS te coer Re ee Ee eta eer .-- 1,000,000,000,000 
INO a7 INO PUNGHNSS oospadponesoovaosonwooKSSounooooGode 100,000,000,000 
TO tae Cre ee eee eae Sere eee iia ee ener eee SU OOOOO0O00 
The total annual cut, including all material requiring bolt or log size, 
is estimated at 40,000,000,000 feet, B. M. It is made up of the follow- 
ing kinds: 
FEET, B. M. 
Wihitespine net: eo aoe er rere ieee er ee eeer 12,000,000, 000 
Spruceandutir: sooo soc hy tere eyo sietseysele hese aa eee 5,000,000, 000 
1ST ss00l (ool gi meres eee Hele aun, omembtre sedan Mandy Sig bak eins 4,000,000,000 
Mong] eafipin eer. kWiseies slootteeesl eer eer eee ee toe 4,000,000,000 
Shontleatvand#loblollyaeceeceeeceeeee eee eee eee reece 3,000,000, 000 
On Desc On aan OER ADIN AAa dong tp tds OA ans OS AN sialon seG 500,000,000 
1 NCh £0106 ee eee SB ANS Sa SH aa tO MEN ATAR Ana abba da 4 500,000,000 
IAlother conifers: :tactswiersses aes oe Oe eae eee ee 1,000,000,000 
Motalconifers cee eee eee eee 30,000,000,000 
(GFA) eee ate Semen ean Nae beeen micas thaitis dotio ols Gade cae c 3,000,000,000 
AllPothenhardwoodstherere eee eee eee eee Ce EreE eer 7,000,000,000 
otal yc hits nesters esta AL RRR TC aoe oe eter DS ge Re 40,000,000,000 
In this cut the various regions participate in the following proportions: 
FEET, B. M. 
New England and North Atlantic States.................. 6,000,000,000 
CentraliStatesteree-cee oe ea eee eer cen ae 5,000,000, 000 
Thake Regions esos ack sedevece cuties cee pevaeaen: A menses hush 13,000,000,000 
SoutherniS tate sie ceet ceca Meee eae ee eee ae 13,000,000,000 
Pacific Statesiekverccorwtonce apices echo oaehe er oanra eevee Voeeaer 4,000,000,000 
Miscellaneousmusie acnicis ancien tate piece eee ene ead teri 2,000,000,000 
The consumption of fuel to the extent of probably 180,000,000 cords, 
of fence material, etc., the waste in the woods and at the mills, and loss 
by fire, brings the total annual wood consumption of the United States 
easily to 25,000,000,000 cubic feet or 50 cubic feet per acre, a figure 
nearly corresponding to the yield per acre realized in the well-kept 
forests of Prussia, where reproduction is secured by skillful manage- 
ment. 
The consumption increases from decade to decade in greater propor- 
tion than the population; and new industries, like the wood pulp 
industry, add constantly to the demand. 
The value of forest products used in the census year 1890 was estimated 
to exceed $1,000,000,000. 
The items making up this grand total may be classified as follows, 
always keeping in mind that only approximations to actual conditions 
are here attempted. These figures are based in part on census statistics, 
in part on other estimates, and remain fairly representative to date (1895): 
