In the case of conifers care should be taken not to bury the foliage, 

 and either to choose a shady place for the young trees or to construct 

 a shade over them with brush or laths. 



TRANSPLANTING IN NURSERIES. 



With most species, especially with conifers, where seeds are planted 

 in beds, it is necessary to transplant a portion of the young seedlings 

 to nurse^ rows when the3' are one or tAvo years old. This stimulates 

 the growth of small roots, makes the plants much more vigorous than 

 others of the same age not transplanted, and helps them to establish 

 themselves better when permanently set out. 



When the seedlings are dug from the seed bed they should be dipped 

 in a puddle and immediately be set in the nursery rows, or, if delay is 

 necessary, tbe3' should be laid, roots together, in piles of a hundred or 

 more, and the roots should be covered with wet blankets or with a few 

 shovelfuls of fresh earth. 



In ordinary nurseries which are to be cultivated by hand the rows for 

 conifers should be 1 foot apart and those for broadleaf trees 2 feet apart. 

 Coniferous seedlings should be set 4 inches apart in the row and broad- 

 leaf seedlings about 6 inches apart. All plants should be set from 1 to 

 2 inches deeper in the rows than they grew in the seed bed. If the seed 

 beds are not wanted for another planting, the seedlings to be trans- 

 planted may be taken out in such a way that thrifty plants will be left 

 with the same intervals as in the nursery rows. Thej^ should then be 

 cared for the same as transplants. 



Some trees, like the oaks, the walnut, and the catalpa, form long, 

 fleshy taproots during the first season, with few lateral roots. This 

 form of root is sometimes very troublesome to transplant. Before 

 setting such plants in the nursery rows from one-fourth to one-third of 

 the taproots should be cut off. A bundle of a hundred or more plants 

 may be laid across a log and their taproots cut off with a sharp axe. 

 Care must be taken not to bruise the part of the root that is left. 

 Seedlings with a bunch of short, fibrous roots need no cutting. 



Following the transplanting of seedlings the nursery rows should be 

 kept clear of weeds and the soil stirred frequently with hoe or culti- 

 vator. It is especially necessary that the nursery be gone over after a 

 rain as soon as the surface soil is dried out sufficiently to work well. 

 This will prevent the deeper moisture from drying out about the roots 

 of the trees. In case no rain falls within two weeks after the plants 

 have been set in the nursery, water should be applied to the rows. In 

 dry regions frequent shallow cultivation to maintain a dust mulch 

 should be given. 



TRANSPLANTING FROM NURSERY TO FIELD. 



On the plains and prairies, the land, provided it has not been in a 

 cultivated crop the preceding season, should be plowed deeply in the 



