... by leaving adequate seed 
source following cutting 
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An adequate seed source is the first 
prerequisite to the natural establishment 
of pine seedlings. Each year many pine 
timber tracts are cut so as to leave too 
few or no pine seed trees. The pine trees 
left are often so small that by the time 
they are large enough to bear seed, shrubs 
and sprout hardwoods have taken over 
the area. 
... by removing competing shrubs 
and poor-quality hardwoods 
_can be increased 
An adequate seed source, however, does 
not always insure pine regeneration. 
Many areas are so densely covered with 
shrubs and low-quality hardwoods that 
pines have no chance of becoming estab- 
lished. North Carolina has over 2 million 
acres of oak-pine type. In many places 
these stands have an adequate pine seed 
source, but few, if any, pines can become 
established until the shrubs and_ low- 
quality hardwoods are removed. 
